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PLANNING. "Plant actively forage for environmental resources by modeling their future availability and benefits over costs." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-005-0014-9 View in LinkedIn

PLANTS "continuously record and evaluate a complex field of external stimuli, forming thereby something which could be described as an “inner representation” or a “cognitive map” of the environment, including information about qualitative and quantitative aspect of light conditions, humidity, temperature and other biotic and abiotic environmental inputs." http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4161/psb.4.5.8276#abstract View in LinkedIn

FLEXIBLE ADAPTATION. "Plants display all the necessary “components” of intelligent behavior (assuming that their plastic, flexible development is behavior). In particular, they surely do exhibit individual variability and adaptivity." http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4161/psb.4.5.8276#abstract View in LinkedIn

"PREDICTIVE MODELING is found even in primitive forms in bacteria, is more complex in plants but is most accurately exemplified in complex brains. Many higher plants are thus typical of behavioral intelligence systems." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-005-0014-9 View in LinkedIn

EMERGENT MODELING. "In recurrent and novel environmental situations, individual cells, tissues and whole plants model the cost/benefits of particular future behaviors, so that the energetic costs and risks do not exceed the benefits that adaptive behavior procures. Such modeling takes place on an adaptive representational network that is an emergent property arising from cellular signal transduction and whole plant interactive networks." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-005-0014-9 View in LinkedIn

PRICE OF POACHING. "But enhanced root proliferation led to a trade-off with reduced seed number thus decreasing fitness for both individuals. “Sharing” plants developed more and longer lateral roots, vectorially directed toward neighbouring roots than toward roots of the same plant, thus guarding their own territory." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-005-0014-9 View in LinkedIn

MOLECULAR IMPACT OF SOUND. "Sound waves elicit changes at the molecular and physiological level, including the levels of polyamines and important phytohormones (e.g., indole acetic acid and abscisic acid, the regulation of antioxidant enzymes, the uptake of oxygen, the synthesis of RNA and soluble proteins, and perhaps most importantly, gene expression." http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/content/24/4/789.full View in LinkedIn