Category: Uncategorized

MODULAR SYMMETRY GENES. "Studies in model systems can start to piece together a modular GRN that underlies floral symmetry and to investigate how the dynamics of this network can lead to different symmetry." patterns." (GRN = gene regulatory networks). http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn

SNAPDRAGON SYMMETRY MUTANTS. "Thus mutants of cyc/dich and rad result in radially symmetrical, ventralized flowers, while mutants of div (in a cyc/dich background) result in radially symmetrical, lateralized flowers in A. majus." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn

SNAPDRAGON CASE STUDY. "A proposed molecular model of floral symmetry development in A. majus hypothesizes that the two TCP genes CYC (CYCLOIDEA) and DICH (DICHOTOMA), formed from a duplication event specific to the Antirrhineae, control the activation of the MYB TF RADIALIS (RAD). RAD is expressed in the dorsal regions where CYC2 genes are also expressed. RAD in turn inhibits another MYB TF, DIVARICATA (DIV), restricting DIV to function only in the ventral portion of the corolla." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn

DISTAL GENE RESTRICTION. "This indicates that a similar pattern of differentially restricted expression occurs independently in the evolution of bilateral symmetry from radially symmetric ancestors. Therefore, we find independent cooption of not just the same genes, but also of the dynamic molecular process involving restricted gene expression across the floral apex." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn

UNEQUAL GENE RESTRICTION. "Similar patterns in which one duplicate is more dorsally restricted than the other exist across the eudicots (Antirrhinum majus, Malphigiaceae, Dipsacales and Pisum sativum)." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn

Old timer in Girona off to work. View in LinkedIn

FLORAL SYMMETRY AND SPECIATION. "Changes in petal symmetry, petal reflection and cell shape can change the size of the visual floral display and colour saturation, creating differences in likely visitation by pollinators, thus effecting speciation via reproductive isolation among individuals with differing patterns of gene expression." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn

GENE MODULE INTERACTIONS. "Finally, different modules of regulatory networks can interact differently across the tree of life. For example, in Pisum sativum conical cells occur only on petals with CYC2 expression and are lost when CYC2 expression is lost, implying a developmental constraint within this network that could be relaxed in other taxa." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn

GENE LOCATION, TIMING, CONCENTRATION. "For instance, DipsCYC2A and DipsCYC2B both shift ventrally in Lonicera sempervirens, a species with a flower that is more radially symmetrical in form than the ‘typical’ Lonicera flower. Likewise, differential expression levels of MIXTA across Antirrhinum species correlate with changes in morphology that influence pollinator preferences." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn

NUANCED GENE EXPRESSION. "As we investigate the role of developmental changes in morphological diversification, it becomes increasingly clear that changes in gene expression, not only the location and timing but also subtle changes in concentration, play a major role in developmental evolution." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn