Category: Uncategorized

GIANT FLUX. “Magnetic reconnection in the tail leads to formation of a plasma structure where the field lines are no longer connected to the Earth. This plasmoid is accelerated tailward and ejects a large portion of the plasma sheet plasma, magnetic flux, and energy back to the solar wind.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

AURORAS. “On ground, magnetospheric substorms are seen as disturbances in the geomagnetic field caused by the field-aligned current systems and auroral electrojet currents in the ionosphere. Energetic electrons precipitating into the ionosphere and colliding with the atmospheric constituents create bright auroral displays in the night sector auroral region.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

PLASMA SHEET. “Because the reconnection region is limited in the cross-tail direction, the flow shear between the fast outflow from the reconnection region and the ambient Earthward plasma flow within the plasma sheet creates a pair of field-aligned current sheets, where the current flows to the ionosphere at the eastern edge of the reconnection region and out from the ionosphere at the western edge.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

UNCERTAINTIES. “It is debated whether the substorm-associated magnetic field variations and the associated (inductive) electric fields are necessary for the buildup of the ring current energy density.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

SUBSTORMS. “While substorms can occur without magnetic storms, almost all storms include also substorm activity. The interaction of the inner magnetosphere storm-associated processes with the magnetotail substorm-associated processes is highly complex, and presently under active study.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

MASSIVE EVENTS. “Storms as largest magnetospheric disturbances are associated with many of the space weather phenomena.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

DRIVER OF MAGNETIC STORMS. “The ring current is populated both by efficient convection and injection of plasma sheet particles into the inner region and by strongly enhanced ion outflow from the ionosphere. At times, the ionospheric outflow can be strong enough for the ionospheric oxygen to dominate the energy density in the ring current.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

“MAGNETIC STORMS typically last from about 12 hours to a few days. Storms are characterized by the formation of an intense ring current encircling the Earth with current peak at about 4 RE, i.e., well inside the geostationary orbit.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn