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MAGNETOSPHERE SIMULATIONS. “However, even with neutral atom imaging, much of the magnetosphere remains invisible to our eyes and instrumentation. To provide conceptual and predictive models of the magnetospheric evolution, large-scale global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations have been developed.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

MAGNETOSPHERE MONITORING. “However, the low signal to noise ratio and the complex inversion process from the line-of-sight measurements to spatially resolved ion distributions still limits the imaging applications.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

RING CURRENTS. “As these are populations highly sensitive to processes occurring during space weather events, neutral atom imaging is becoming a new tool to monitor the state of the inner regions of the magnetosphere.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

LARGE SCALE PLASMA. “Recently, the NASA IMAGE mission with its onboard neutral atom imagers demonstrated that also the charge-exchange processes with the neutral geocorona and the charged ring current particles can be strong enough to produce enough signal to monitor the plasmaspheric and ring current dynamics in the inner magnetosphere.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

WIND GENERATES ENERGY. “Solar wind pressure pulses are known to be associated with enhanced ionospheric Joule heating.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

PRECIPITATED MAGNETOSPHERIC ELECTRONS. “It is obvious that the strong activity drives highly enhanced auroral precipitation to a wide and expanded auroral oval. Furthermore, the ionospheric Joule heating is large both in the auroral oval region and in the polar cap, due to the very strong electric fields in the polar cap region.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

ENERGY SINKS. “Mainly two processes consume energy in the ionosphere: Joule heating resulting from the ionospheric closure of field-aligned currents and precipitation of magnetospheric electrons causing the auroral displays. Both quantities can be computed from the ionospheric solution of the global simulation.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

SOLAR PLASMAS. “As the magnetospheric activity conditions are largely controlled by the stability properties of the cross-tail current sheet, and as the magnetotail current sheet shares many of the properties of dynamically important current sheets found e.g. in the solar plasmas, the dynamics of the cross-tail current has been intensively studied in recent years.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

BOILING WITH ACTIVITY. “As this is the region which feeds the inner magnetosphere with both plasma, energetic particles, and magnetic flux, the plasma sheet dynamics is crucially important for space weather applications.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

EXPANDED SCALE. “While such bursts of fast flow can be observed during all magnetospheric activity conditions, they become more numerous, more intense, and have larger scale sizes during magnetically active conditions.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn