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DYNAMIC ENERGY FLOW. “The reconnection process is associated with rapid and significant energy conversion from magnetic energy in the magnetotail lobes to particle kinetic energy and heat in the plasma sheet.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

FLUID PLASMA SHEETS. “As the flows created by magnetic reconnection in the tail enter the inner magnetosphere, the large-scale magnetic field configuration changes rapidly from highly taillike to a much more quasidipolar state.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

STORM EFFECTS. “During magnetospheric substorms, a thin and intense current sheet forms in the inner part of the magnetotail as a consequence of the intensified driving.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

LONGER MAGNETIC STORMS. “In the same way, the strong ring current causes stretching of the magnetic field during magnetic storms, but in this case the changes occur over time scales of days rather than hours. Substorm activity during magnetic storms causes quasiperiodic stretching-dipolarization cycles embedded within the longer-term ring current-associated changes.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

“MAGNETIC STORMS and substorms affect the electromagnetic field configuration in the inner magnetosphere over time scales of minutes to hours and days. During substorms, the intense current sheet can stretch the quasi-dipolar field lines at geostationary orbit to highly taillike ones, which together with the enhancing electric field causes significant changes in particle drift paths and allows for penetration of the plasma sheet plasma deep inside the inner magnetosphere.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

HAZARDOUS ELECTRONS. “Relativistic electrons in the inner magnetosphere are a major hazard for Earth-orbiting spacecraft, and therefore prediction of the electron fluxes especially at geostationary orbit is one of the key targets for space weather applications.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn