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COSMIC BLANKET. “The plasmasphere encircling the Earth is formed by cold ionospheric plasma flowing outward along magnetic field lines. At low latitudes, close to the Earth, magnetic flux tubes follow drift paths that co-rotate with the Earth and therefore are filled with escaping ionospheric plasma in time scales of several days.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

MODELS. “There are a number of large-scale magnetospheric magnetic field models that give the field configuration as a function of either solar wind conditions or magnetospheric activity parameters.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

POWERFUL ELECTRONS. “The most significant hazard to Earth-orbiting satellites is posed by high fluxes of relativistic electrons, which can penetrate the spacecraft systems. These electrons are transported under the same electric and magnetic fields as the ring current ions, but their higher speed makes them less sensitive to the details of the electric field structure.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

POST-STORM. “The recovery time scale is associated both with the recovery of the quiet-time electric field structure and with the outflow time scale of the cold plasma from the ionosphere...the location of the plasmapause during storms has been shown to be a significant factor in determining the fate of the relativistic electron population in the outer van Allen belt.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

STORM DYNAMICS. “After the field lines reconnect at the magnetopause, they convect over the polar cap toward the magnetotail, thus providing an additional source of plasma to the tail plasma sheet during storms. As the storm driving subsides, the plasmasphere slowly recovers its quiet-time size.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

EVERYTHING CONNECTS. “The ring current ions affect the relativistic electron population through their influence on the field configuration and through their influence on wave development.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

MONSTER GYRES. “The magnetic field configuration is a key element in determining the adiabatic transport properties of both electrons and ions. The field configuration is determined by the large-scale current systems, in the inner magnetosphere mainly the ring current carried by energetic ions.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn