NEPTUNE, “the eighth and farthest planet from the sun, has the strongest winds in the solar system. At high altitudes speeds can exceed 1,100 mph. That is 1.5 times faster than the speed of sound.” https://lnkd.in/dyHzQ2g View in LinkedIn
JUPITER. “The stronger the magnetic field, the larger the magnetosphere. Some 20,000 times stronger than Earth's magnetic field, Jupiter's magnetic field creates a magnetosphere so large it begins to avert the solar wind almost 3 million kilometers before it reaches Jupiter. The magnetosphere extends so far past Jupiter it sweeps the solar wind as far as the orbit of Saturn.” https://lnkd.in/deW2BUt View in LinkedIn
MAGNETIC BUBBLES. “Space may seem empty, but it’s actually a dynamic place populated with near-invisible matter, and dominated by forces, in particular those created by magnetic fields. Magnetospheres — the magnetic fields around most planets — exist throughout our solar system. They deflect high-energy, charged particles called cosmic rays that are spewed out by the Sun or come from interstellar space. Along with atmospheres, they happen to protect the planets’ surfaces from this harmful radiation.” https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/nasa-investigates-invisible-magnetic-bubbles-in-outer-solar-system/ View in LinkedIn
K2-141b. “Oceans Of Molten Lava And ‘Rocky Rain’ On The Most Extreme Planet Yet. It’s thought that K2-141b is a place where rock is vaporized and falls as a mineral “rocky rain” that replenishes an ocean of molten lava, and supersonic winds that rage over 3,100 mph/5,000 kmph. However, it’s those high temperatures on its day-side that create something bizarre; a cycle something like Earth’s water cycle, but with rock. It’s so hot that rock is thought to evaporate and precipitate. In short, it rains rock.” https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2020/11/06/weve-found-oceans-of-molten-lava-and-rocky-rain-on-the-most-extreme-planet-yet-say-scientists/?sh=573707fa4825 View in LinkedIn
JUST STAMP COLLECTING is a criticism that can be leveled at the descriptive nature of astronomy, which is accumulating basic information with spanking new tools in the absence of grand schemes and broad theories. This criticism has been leveled at biology for the same reasons. But it is a natural developmental stage of a data heavy science. With this in mind, we will look at a range of extreme planets and stars. View in LinkedIn
THE UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE. “Suppose you have an ice bucket containing H2O. You don't know whether the water is in the form of liquid or ice cubes, and you're not allowed to look into the bucket. So you try an experiment to find out. You grab a pair of tongs and stick them into the bucket, and out come ice cubes. But if you dip in a ladle, you get liquid water.” https://lnkd.in/g-p9M-4 View in LinkedIn
WASP-121b. Nine-hundred light-years from Earth, there's a football-shaped planet so hot that heavy metals boil through its atmosphere, venting into space. The planet is about 10 times hotter than any other known exoplanet, due to its proximity to its host star, which is hotter than the sun. This proximity also gives the planet its unique shape, because gravitational tidal forces in its atmosphere elongate the whole planet.” https://lnkd.in/d3b5Rts View in LinkedIn
WASP-189b temperatures “are enough to melt all rocks and metals, and even turn them into a gaseous form. It is not quite as hot as the surface of our Sun (6,000 degrees Celsius or 10,832 degrees Fahrenheit), it's basically as toasty as some small dwarf stars.” https://lnkd.in/dyZ3niw View in LinkedIn
INPUT-OUTPUT BIOLOGY. “The history of life can be described as the evolution of systems that manipulate one set of symbols representing inputs into another set of symbols that represent outputs.” https://www.nature.com/articles/35011540 View in LinkedIn
