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INVIOLABLE THERMODYNAMICS. “I conjectured that when matter falls into a black hole, the increase in black hole entropy always compensates or overcompensates for the lost entropy of the matter. More generally, the sum of black hole entropies and the ordinary entropy outside the black holes cannot decrease. This is the generalized second law--GSL for short.” https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

The gorgeous lime tree flowers, framed by their silver undersided leaves, are scenting the roads of Girona. View in LinkedIn

BUILDING COMPLEXITY FROM SIMPLICITY. “I argued with him, saying that hierarchically organized stereochemistry, acting according to the key-lock rule, plus electrochemistry as an ornament is an ample basis for the realization of life processes (just like any of the most primitive alphabet is an ample base for expressing the most complex thoughts)". A.D. Sakharov (2011) https://lnkd.in/da7dRTF View in LinkedIn

3D PHYSICS. “We do not yet know of any such 3-D theory that works in that way. Indeed, what surface should we use as the boundary of the universe? One step toward realizing these ideas is to study models that are simpler than our real universe.” https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

NEW 3D PHYSICS. “If the physics of our universe is holographic, there would be an alternative set of physical laws, operating on a 3-D boundary of spacetime somewhere, that would be equivalent to our known 4-D physics.” https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

FROM 2D TO 4D. “A Universe Painted on Its Boundary. CAN WE APPLY the holographic principle to the universe at large? The real universe is a 4-D system: it has volume and extends in time.” https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

LOGICAL SUPPOSITION. “If a 3-D system can be fully described by a physical theory operating solely on its 2-D boundary, one would expect the information content of the system not to exceed that of the description on the boundary.” https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

FROM 2D TO 3D. “The holographic principle contends that an analogue of this visual magic applies to the full physical description of any system occupying a 3-D region: it proposes that another physical theory defined only on the 2-D boundary of the region completely describes the 3-D physics.” https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

EMBEDDED IMAGE. “In the everyday world, a hologram is a special kind of photograph that generates a full three-dimensional image when it is illuminated in the right manner. All the information describing the 3-D scene is encoded into the pattern of light and dark areas on the two-dimensional piece of film, ready to be regenerated.” https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

INFLUENCE OF THE CYTOPLASM. “However, while Spiegelman stressed different protein constellations as the end result of differentiation, Waddington saw cytoplasmic differences as also being the cause of differentiation. This view of a reactive genome that could be influenced by the cytoplasm characterized certain embryologists of the 1940s and 1950s, especially he and Paul Weiss.” https://lnkd.in/dQuxg6Y View in LinkedIn