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SYMMETRY BREAKING. “When certain continuous symmetry present in one phase is broken in the other, there arise some massless excitation modes in the broken phase, according to a general theorem called Nambu-Goldstone theorem, as is the case of the phase transition from the normal one with unbroken electromagnetic U(1) to the superconducting one with broken U(1) symmetry.” https://lnkd.in/dpsM58Ep View in LinkedIn

THE PROTON is one of the simplest forms of subatomic particles of normal baryonic matter. “A proton is a subatomic particle, symbol p or p+, with a positive electric charge of +1e elementary charge and a mass slightly less than that of a neutron. Protons and neutrons, each with masses of approximately one atomic mass unit, are jointly referred to as "nucleons" (particles present in atomic nuclei). https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton View in LinkedIn

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MILITARY USES. “Antimatter has been considered as a trigger mechanism for nuclear weapons. A major obstacle is the difficulty of producing antimatter in large enough quantities, and there is no evidence that it will ever be feasible. Nonetheless, the U.S. Air Force funded studies of the physics of antimatter in the Cold War, and began considering its possible use in weapons, not just as a trigger, but as the explosive itself.” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter View in LinkedIn

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ENORMOUS ENERGY DENSITY. “The reaction of 1 kg of antimatter with 1 kg of matter would produce 1.8×10(17) J (180 petajoules) of energy (by the mass–energy equivalence formula, E=mc2), or the rough equivalent of 43 megatons of TNT – slightly less than the yield of the 27,000 kg Tsar Bomba, the largest thermonuclear weapon ever detonated.” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter View in LinkedIn

CONTEXTUAL IMPORTANCE. “These examples clarify that the on-shell states (abbreviation of “states on-the-mass shell”) described by the creation and annihilation operators are not eternal invariants of a system but variables highly dependent upon the environments in which the relevant physical system is placed.” https://lnkd.in/dpsM58Ep View in LinkedIn

ANTIMATTER FUEL. “The energy per unit mass (9×10(16) J/kg) is about 10 orders of magnitude greater than chemical energies, and about 3 orders of magnitude greater than the nuclear potential energy that can be liberated, today, using nuclear fission (about 200 MeV per fission reaction or 8×10(13) J/kg), and about 2 orders of magnitude greater than the best possible results expected from fusion (about 6.3×10(14) J/kg for the proton–proton chain). https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter View in LinkedIn

REAL CONSEQUENCES. “For instance, a phase transition from the normal phase with non-vanishing electric resistance to the superconducting one characterized by the vanishing resistance.” https://lnkd.in/dpsM58Ep View in LinkedIn

CONSEQUENCES OF CARTOONS. “In solid state physics described by quantum statistical mechanics, another typical non-applicability domain of particle pictures can also be found in the well-known phenomena of phase transitions caused by the instability between two stable thermodynamic phases with different particle pictures, through which the same physical system undergoes drastic changes in material configurations.” https://lnkd.in/dpsM58Ep View in LinkedIn