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BANKING SEEDS is clearly not enough, and the seed may require frost, fire or fungi to activate from dormancy. And those cultivars whose dormancy survival is relatively short must be either refreshed with new seeds or replanted and fresh seed harvested; finally, the issue of having male and female for those species which crossbreed is another consideration. View in LinkedIn

PINE SEED ADAPTATION. "Seeds may also go into hibernation for other causes. Many pines have adapted to forest fires that destroy trees by creating pine cones that open in extreme heat (fire) and release seeds coated with a material that will break down only in extreme heat. The seeds hibernate until this happens." http://lnkd.in/ddyNBfG View in LinkedIn

ORCHID SEED SYMBIOSIS. "Orchids and a few other groups of plants ... depend on mycorrhizal fungi for nutrition during germination and the early growth of the seedling. Some terrestrial orchid seedlings, in fact, spend the first few years of their lives deriving energy from the fungi and do not produce green leaves." This can complicate GERMPLASM banks. http://lnkd.in/ddyNBfG View in LinkedIn

SEED DORMANCY. "Many species of plants have seeds that delay germination for many months or years, and some seeds can remain in the soil seed bank for more than 50 years before germination. Some seeds have a very long viability period, and the oldest documented germinating seed was nearly 2000 years old based on radiocarbon dating." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_dormancy View in LinkedIn

SEED LONGEVITY. "Although the most sensational claims for seed longevity are almost certainly bogus, seeds of Canna compacta apparently can live for at least 600 years." http://5e.plantphys.net/article.php?ch=t&id=9 View in LinkedIn

TIME CAPSULES. "Desiccated seeds from a 6th century AD storage vessel recovered from Qasr Ibrîm, Egypt, were examined for the presence of lipids and nucleic acids. A remarkable degree of lipid preservation was discovered, the fatty acid and sterol profiles being very similar to those of modern radish seeds." http://lnkd.in/dhDu3zj View in LinkedIn

PLANT SEEDS are complicated, clever, and curious packaged embryos, with tremendously diverse and ingenious strategies for survival. These seemingly fragile spaceships of future plant life can survive severe and even catastrophic environments, and hibernate for very long periods until conditions improve. http://lnkd.in/ddyNBfG View in LinkedIn

AEGIS EUROPEAN GENEBANK. Includes 44 European countries, over 1 million accessions, with germ plasm conserved in 35 countries. http://lnkd.in/dg4UxgZ View in LinkedIn

ISRAELI GENEBANK. "The introduction of modern agricultural technology has led to the decline and loss of many landraces indigenous to Israel. To combat this phenomenon, the Israel Gene Bank was established to gather existing collections of genetic materials of traditional crops into a single, comprehensive seed bank." http://www.yadhanadiv.org.il/project/israel-plant-gene-bank View in LinkedIn

THE BILLION SEED BANK, or 10% of the global plant total. "The Millennium Seed Bank Project is an international conservation project coordinated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew ... Launched in the year 2000, its purpose is to provide an "insurance policy" against the extinction of plants in the wild by storing seeds for future use." http://lnkd.in/dThPgD6 View in LinkedIn