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MICROCHIPS. “Very large scale integration (VLSI), a process to fabricate an integrated circuit consisting of thousands of digital switches on a single chip, began in the 1970s when complex communication technologies were developing.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43577-021-00135-y View in LinkedIn

START OF SEMICONDUCTORS. “The “semiconductor era” began in the second half of the twentieth century with the invention of the integrated circuit. It is termed an integrated circuit, as all electronic components and their interconnection are integrated on a silicon chip.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43577-021-00135-y View in LinkedIn

CORE OF ELECTRONICS. “From a materials perspective, the basis of electronics relies on the discovery of semiconducting materials that are insulating most of the time, and their electrical conductivity can be controlled by the supply of external excitation.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43577-021-00135-y View in LinkedIn

PERFECTION IS NULL. “In short, for new materials such as graphene, it is important that researchers understand, explore, and use the accessible materials on hand rather than pursuing scalable materials with perfection.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43577-021-00135-y View in LinkedIn

DEFECT TYPES. “Appreciable imperfections in graphene vary from dopants, folding, stacking mismatch to atomic-level defects. Bulky volume defects like ad-atom clustering compromise the benefit of graphene in terms of thinness.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43577-021-00135-y View in LinkedIn

EXTREME RARITY. “Very recently, tantalizing hints of anti-3He and anti-4He candidates have been presented by the AMS-02 magnetic spectrometer. Considering the huge helium statistics, about one antihelium candidate out of 100 million helium events, a daunting simulation effort is required to exclude misidentification of these events.” https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10686-021-09708-w.pdf View in LinkedIn

“NGC 5033. Spiral galaxy NGC 5033 is much like our own. It’s around the same size, about 100,000 light-years across, and at its core is a supermassive black hole, weighing anywhere between 10 million and a few billion solar masses.” https://lnkd.in/gu7xi9dj View in LinkedIn

TWO SOURCE OPTIONS. “The detection of anti-4He or heavier nuclei would point to the existence of primordial antimatter from the Big Bang nucleosynthesis, while heavier particles such as antimatter 12C would point to the existence of stellar nucleosynthesis, or dense lumps of antimatter at galactic scale.” https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10686-021-09708-w.pdf View in LinkedIn

6TH MASS EXTINCTION. “How Everything Can Collapse: A Manual for our Times.” By Pablo Servigne, Raphaël Stevens https://lnkd.in/edxZPhBU View in LinkedIn

ANTIMATTER ISLANDS. “The lack of unambiguous annihilation signatures from γ-ray sky surveys led various authors to conclude that the distance to any hypothetical domain dominated by primordial antimatter must be comparable to the horizon scale.” https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10686-021-09708-w.pdf View in LinkedIn