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LARGE-SCALE NEUTRINO EXPERIMENTS. “Hyper-Kamiokande received official approval this February, and construction will start soon. And the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be based at the Sanford Lab in Lead, South Dakota; its technical-design report was published in February.” (Written April 2020). https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01000-9 View in LinkedIn

IMPERFECT GRAPHENE. “However, perfect graphene does not possess a bandgap hampering its applications in computing. This article describes recent prototypes of graphene electronics that are functional because of the defects in graphene. Integration of doped graphene into existing silicon technology has been found to extend the operation wavelengths of image sensors in digital cameras, from visible and short wave infrared light (300–2000 nm), which was not possible with the original silicon technology.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43577-021-00135-y View in LinkedIn

NEUTRINO POOLS. “The next generation of large-scale, multi-purpose neutrino experiments is preparing for the challenge. The T2HK experiment in Japan is based on the same technology as T2K but will use the Hyper-Kamiokande detector, which will have ten times the mass of water and a more intense beam.” (500,000 tonnes of ultrapure water). " " https://lnkd.in/dY3WCdw https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01000-9 View in LinkedIn

MATTER-ANTIMATTER ASYMMETRY. “The measurement is undeniably exciting. But extraordinary claims need extraordinary evidence — a confidence level of more than 99.9999% will be needed to be certain that leptonic CP violation has occurred.” https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01000-9 View in LinkedIn

HUBBLE shots over 30 years have changed the way we appreciate the cosmos. https://lnkd.in/eNCyx2Gv View in LinkedIn

NOT MINCING WORDS. “Nowadays, many intellectual slobs and frauds have been given tenured jobs, are allowed to teach garbage in the name of academic freedom, and see their obnoxious writings published by scholarly journals and university presses.” (The late Professor Mario Bunge, outspoken — but brilliant — physicist turned philosopher). https://lnkd.in/eEhR_sWw View in LinkedIn

THE HOPE. “The results exclude CP conservation (that is, they suggest that CP violation has occurred) at a 95% confidence level, and show that the CP-violating parameter is likely to be large. These results could be the first indications of the origin of the matter–antimatter asymmetry in our Universe.” (CP = charge-conjugation parity-reversal). https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01000-9 View in LinkedIn

THE OUTPUT. “When a neutrino interacts with a neutron in the water, it can produce a muon or an electron, depending on its flavour. The T2K experiment detects the muons and electrons and discriminates between them, thereby identifying the flavour of the impinging neutrino and measuring the oscillation probability of muon-to-electron neutrino conversion.” https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01000-9 View in LinkedIn

MEASUREMENT. “The neutrinos subsequently travel through Earth without being stopped, but some are detected by the underground detector at the Kamioka Observatory 295 km away, deep beneath Japan’s Mount Ikeno. The detector consists of 50,000 tonnes of ultrapure water surrounded by a vast array of light sensors.” https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01000-9 View in LinkedIn

THE DETECTORS. “These particles decay, giving rise to a neutrino beam (or an antineutrino beam, depending on the conditions used), which is monitored by two detectors 280 metres away.” https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01000-9 View in LinkedIn