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NEW APPROACH. “This article presents an overview of a recently proposed formal theory of causal emergence based on the frame-work of Partial Information Decomposition (PID).” https://lnkd.in/eFDvNHBt View in LinkedIn

SCIENTIFIC METHOD. “Moreover, having a formal theory of emergence will allow scientists to formulate rigorous, falsifiable conjectures about emergence in different scenarios and test them on data.” https://lnkd.in/eFDvNHBt View in LinkedIn

BETTER NEW THEORY. “It is related to the fact that galaxies and clusters have very different length scales. In the presence of gravity, the temperature is not constant in space at equilibrium.” https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH. “Riding on a wave of renewed philosophical investigations, recent work is opening a new space of discussion about emergence that is firmly within the realm of empirical scientific investigation.” https://lnkd.in/eFDvNHBt View in LinkedIn

Small obscure detail in marly limestone in old town Girona. View in LinkedIn

GLIMMER OF HOPE. “Modern scientific practice is dominated by reductionist assumptions, at least in its overall theoretical and philosophical commitments. At the same time, the hi- erarchical organisation and in-practice relative independence of the domains of different scientific disciplines (e.g. physics, biology) suggests that some form of emergentism remains in play.” https://lnkd.in/eFDvNHBt View in LinkedIn

LIFE THE UNIVERSE AND EVERYTHING. “Since this Galaxy began, vast civilizations have risen and fallen, risen and fallen, risen and fallen so often that it's quite tempting to think that life in the Galaxy must be: (a) something akin to seasick, space-sick, time sick, history sick or some such thing, and (b) stupid.” https://lnkd.in/ei-_8xs6 View in LinkedIn

IRREDUCIBILITY. “At the other extreme, strong forms of emergentism argue for a radical independence between layers of reality, such that some high-level phenomena are in principle irreducible to their low-level constituents.” https://lnkd.in/eFDvNHBt View in LinkedIn

LUCK + REASON. “We can point out that MDM is more economical than CDM in fitting data at the galactic scale and it is superior to MOND at the cluster scale.) Logically (and happily as it indeed turns out to be the case), the same critical acceleration appears both in the galactic and cluster data fits based on MDM.” (MDM = Modified Dark Matter; MOND = Milgrom’s theory of modified Newtonian dynamics; ΛCDM or Lambda-CDM model = a version of the Big Bang cosmological model). https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

REDUCTIONISM. “At one extreme of the spectrum, reductionism claims that all that is ‘real’ can always be explained based on sufficient knowledge of a system’s smallest constituents, and that coarse-grained explanations are mere byproducts of our limited knowledge and/or computational ability.” https://lnkd.in/eFDvNHBt View in LinkedIn