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ANALOGY. “It should be noted that the role of the universe scale factor a(t) is somewhat similar to the role of the center of mass coordinate, which describes the motion of some complicated macroscopic object. In classical mechanics, this motion is well-defined.” https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/6/164/htm View in LinkedIn

FULCRUM. “We demonstrate that low temperature properties of superconducting nanowires are essentially determined by quantum fluctuations.” https://lnkd.in/eRNV9Mec View in LinkedIn

FAST SCALE. “Cosmological solutions exhibiting fast scale factor oscillations also appear quite generically in many other theoretical frameworks, such as semiclassical quantum gravity, cosmological models with oscillating dark energy, and various modified gravity theories.” https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/6/164/htm View in LinkedIn

INVISIBLE FIELDS. “The particle is subjected to vacuum electric field fluctuations even if no real photons are present. These fluctuations exert a force on the particle which can either push the particle toward the barrier, enhancing the tunneling probability, or away from the barrier, suppressing tunneling.” https://lnkd.in/eUwbdDwb View in LinkedIn

ISSUE OF SCALE. “However, the effect of this huge “true” cosmological constant at macroscopic scales is largely canceled by strong metric fluctuations on the Planck scale. As a result, the effective cosmological constant observed at macroscopic cosmological scales equals its currently measured value of Λ = 1.11 × 10(−52) m(−2).” https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/6/164/htm View in LinkedIn

1ST SOLUTION. “The approach developed in [1] implies that, at the ultra-fast and microscopic (Planck) scales, the “true” magnitude of the cosmological constant is very large, and its magnitude is defined by the vacuum energy density predicted by quantum mechanics, which is about 120 orders of magnitude larger than the value experimentally observed at cosmological scales.” https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/6/164/htm View in LinkedIn

2ND SOLUTION. “Perhaps standard effective field theory arguments are right, and vacuum fluctuations really do generate a huge cosmological constant. I show that if one does not assume homogeneity and an arrow of time at the Planck scale, a very large class of general relativistic initial data exhibit expansions, shears, and curvatures that are enormous at small scales, but quickly average to zero macroscopically.” https://lnkd.in/exjYNciU View in LinkedIn

1ST POSSIBLE SOLUTION. “Wang et al. suggested that very fast quantum fluctuations in the universe scale factor may also considerably alter the universe dynamics on very fast time scales, thus providing a potential solution to the cosmological constant problem.” https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/6/164/htm View in LinkedIn

MONSTER PROBLEM. “Depending on the Planck energy cutoff and other factors, the discrepancy is as high as 120 orders of magnitude, a state of affairs described by physicists as "the largest discrepancy between theory and experiment in all of science"and "the worst theoretical prediction in the history of physics". https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_constant_problem#:~:text=In%20cosmology%2C%20the%20cosmological%20constant,suggested%20by%20quantum%20field%20theory View in LinkedIn

EVOLUTION OF THE COSMOS. “It is widely believed that quantum fluctuations in matter and fields play a significant role in the cosmological evolution by defining the temporal behavior of the universe scale factor a(t) resulting from the Friedmann equations.” https://lnkd.in/e2CeCPzE View in LinkedIn