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“All the fifty years of conscious brooding have brought me no closer to answer the question, “What are light quanta?” Of course today every rascal thinks he knows the answer, but he is deluding himself.”" "— Albert Einstein" "(1951). Quoted in Raymond W. Lam, Seasonal Affective Disorder and Beyond (1998), 1 https://lnkd.in/ewMipVde View in LinkedIn

WAVES OF LIGHT. “Is diffraction just a wave process? Thomas Young's experiment on the interference of light in two slits (1805) showed that light can be viewed as a wave. This experience refuted the early theories of light as a homogeneous and uniform stream of particles.” https://lnkd.in/eftm7VFM View in LinkedIn

An abundant rock caper (capparis spinosa) growing on the circumferal defensive wall surrounding Girona. View in LinkedIn

OPTICS. “Is the total internal reflection of light also pure mechanics? Refraction occurs due to the finite size of the photons. The reflectance at total internal reflection is independent of the wavelength.” https://lnkd.in/eftm7VFM View in LinkedIn

VORTEX MATTER. “Is the reflection and refraction of light just the rotation of photons? Many optical phenomena become clearer and clearer if we accept that photons are vortex particles of matter. They have a certain size and structure. Photons easily pass through each other without collisions. Photons can stretch, passing oncoming particles inside themselves, or they can compress and pass along the axis inside the oncoming vortex.” https://lnkd.in/eftm7VFM View in LinkedIn

“ZWICKY was an original thinker. Stephen Maurer said: “When researchers talk about neutron stars, dark matter, and gravitational lenses, they all start the same way: "Zwicky noticed this problem in the 1930s. Back then, nobody listened..." https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Zwicky View in LinkedIn

TIERED LIGHT HYPOTHESIS. “F. Zwicky in 1929 first proposed the tired light hypothesis. He suggested that photons lose energy in collisions with other particles. This hypothesis does not imply the expansion of the universe. However, until now no one has indicated a mechanism for a possible decrease in the frequency of photons when they move in interstellar space.” https://lnkd.in/eftm7VFM View in LinkedIn

Birds of the caves II, Joan Miró at the exquisite Barcelona Miró museum. Beyond delicious. View in LinkedIn

VORTICITY. “In the absence of external forces, viscous friction within the fluid tends to organise the flow into a collection of irrotational vortices, possibly superimposed to larger-scale flows, including larger-scale vortices. Once formed, vortices can move, stretch, twist, and interact in complex ways. A moving vortex carries some angular and linear momentum, energy, and mass, with it.” https://lnkd.in/ee3nqxDt View in LinkedIn

SUMMARY 2. “Photons and antiphotons have mass, energy, impulse and angular moment.” https://lnkd.in/eftm7VFM View in LinkedIn