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VORTEX MATTER. “Is the reflection and refraction of light just the rotation of photons? Many optical phenomena become clearer and clearer if we accept that photons are vortex particles of matter. They have a certain size and structure. Photons easily pass through each other without collisions. Photons can stretch, passing oncoming particles inside themselves, or they can compress and pass along the axis inside the oncoming vortex.” https://lnkd.in/eftm7VFM View in LinkedIn

“ZWICKY was an original thinker. Stephen Maurer said: “When researchers talk about neutron stars, dark matter, and gravitational lenses, they all start the same way: "Zwicky noticed this problem in the 1930s. Back then, nobody listened..." https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Zwicky View in LinkedIn

TIERED LIGHT HYPOTHESIS. “F. Zwicky in 1929 first proposed the tired light hypothesis. He suggested that photons lose energy in collisions with other particles. This hypothesis does not imply the expansion of the universe. However, until now no one has indicated a mechanism for a possible decrease in the frequency of photons when they move in interstellar space.” https://lnkd.in/eftm7VFM View in LinkedIn

Birds of the caves II, Joan Miró at the exquisite Barcelona Miró museum. Beyond delicious. View in LinkedIn

VORTICITY. “In the absence of external forces, viscous friction within the fluid tends to organise the flow into a collection of irrotational vortices, possibly superimposed to larger-scale flows, including larger-scale vortices. Once formed, vortices can move, stretch, twist, and interact in complex ways. A moving vortex carries some angular and linear momentum, energy, and mass, with it.” https://lnkd.in/ee3nqxDt View in LinkedIn

CONJECTURE. “In the general theory of relativity model, the expanding space itself stretches electromagnetic waves. However, at large z, the expansion rates approach the speed of light. The redshift cannot be a consequence of the Doppler Effect, since the speed of the photon does not depend on the speed of the source. However, if the photons are vortex particles, then the redshift is a consequence of their interaction with the environment.” https://lnkd.in/eftm7VFM View in LinkedIn

REDSHIFT. “Observations show that light from all known galaxies displaces lines in the spectra towards the red end of the spectrum. We denote the redshift by the symbol z. The z-value is the standard notation for distance in modern cosmology work.” https://lnkd.in/eftm7VFM View in LinkedIn

EXPLANANDUM. “A periodic change in the parameters of the internal motion of the constituent neutrinos is the cause of the wave-particle duality of the photon. One revolution of the neutrino rings determines the "wavelength" of light. It is equal to (400 - 700) nm for visible light. The annular rotation frequency is (7.5 - 4.3) 10(14) rev/s.” https://lnkd.in/eftm7VFM View in LinkedIn

HYPOTHESIS. “Ring vortices of the electromagnetic field – neutrinos and antineutrinos – are the only elementary particles of matter.” https://lnkd.in/eQskz8Ss View in LinkedIn

EMERGENT GRADIENTS. “As the first postulate, let us assume that, at the fundamental level, the energy/matter comprising the Universe is far from equilibrium, that it exists as an evolving flow, and that the energy/matter comprising and flowing through the Universe spontaneously self-organizes on multiple spatiotemporal scales into metastable, interconverting flow/circulation patterns (organizational forms).” https://lnkd.in/eskBjS7b View in LinkedIn