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FOOTNOTE."The central dogma says that there is faithful transcription of DNA into RNA. This challenges that idea on a much larger scale than was known". The work suggests that RNA editing is providing a previously unappreciated source of human genetic diversity that could affect, for instance, how vulnerable different people are to disease. The ability to edit RNA to produce 'new' protein-coding sequences could be widespread in human cells." https://lnkd.in/dvUcXWZ View in LinkedIn

FIXING ERRORS POST-PRODUCTION. "After DNA has been completely replicated, the daughter strand is often not a perfect copy of the parent strand it came from. Mutations during replication and damage after replication make it necessary for there to be a repair system to fix any errors in newly synthesized DNA." https://lnkd.in/dFiK8bb View in LinkedIn

PROOF-READING IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS. "The low overall rate of mutation during DNA replication (1 base pair change in one billion base pairs per replication cycle) does not reflect the true number of errors that take place during the replication process. The number is kept so low by a proof-reading system that checks newly synthesized DNA for errors and corrects them when they are found." https://lnkd.in/dFiK8bb View in LinkedIn

THANK YOU ALL for the birthday wishes. Spent, in part, in the Sahara desert in a Berber Nomad tent after arrival on camels. Impressive people. View in LinkedIn

SELF-ASSEMBLY AND FREE ENERGY. "The minimization of Gibbs free energy is attained by the minimization of repulsive and the maximization of attractive molecular interactions. In addition, the lower free energy is usually a result of a weaker intermolecular force between self-assembled moieties and is essentially enthalpic in nature." https://lnkd.in/dYubWQd View in LinkedIn

THERMODYNAMIC DRIVER OF SELF-ASSEMBLY. "Self-assembly is an equilibrium process where the assembled components are in equilibrium with the individual components. Self-assembly is driven by the minimization of Gibbs free energy." https://lnkd.in/dYubWQd View in LinkedIn

NANO-SELF ASSEMBLY. "The ability to assemble nanoparticles into well-defined configuration in space is crucial to the development of electronic devices that are small but can contain plenty of information. The spatial arrangements of these self-assembled nanoparticles can be potentially used to build increasingly complex structures leading to a wide variety of materials that can be used for different purposes." https://lnkd.in/dYubWQd View in LinkedIn

SELF-REPLICATING ROBOTS. "Self reconfiguring robotic systems are potentially more robust and more adaptive than conventional systems. The reconfiguration ability allows a robot or a group of robots to disassemble and reassemble machines to form new morphologies that are better suitable for new tasks, such as changing from a legged robot to a snake robot and then to a rolling robot." http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Reconfiguring_Modular_Robotics View in LinkedIn

TOXIN SELF-ASSEMBLY. "Pore-forming toxins (PFT) are water-soluble proteins that possess the remarkable ability to self-assemble on the membrane of target cells, where they form pores causing cell damage. The incorporation of lipids from the target membrane within the structure of the pore provides a membrane-specific trigger for the activation of a haemolytic toxin." https://lnkd.in/d5kUq7X View in LinkedIn

SELF-REPAIRING ROBOTS. "Beyond conventional actuation, sensing and control typically found in fixed-morphology robots, self-reconfiguring robots are also able to deliberately change their own shape by rearranging the connectivity of their parts, in order to adapt to new circumstances, perform new tasks, or recover from damage." http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Reconfiguring_Modular_Robotics View in LinkedIn