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DIPOLE. "This term shares a similarity with ferromagnetic, because the spontaneous polarisation can be reoriented by an external electric field, in the same way that magnetisation can be switched by magnetic field. This results in a hysteresis loop in the electrical polarisation, with a remanent polarisation at a zero applied field, and a reversible polarisation with an oppositely applied field in ferroelectrics." https://lnkd.in/eBe5QYb View in LinkedIn

THE DIPOLE MOMENT."Many current prospective nanomaterials for nanoelectronics, nanomedicine and biomedical applications, based on nanocrystals and liquid crystalline structures, as well on complex molecular, organic and biological structures, have a common feature: the dipole moment." https://lnkd.in/eBe5QYb View in LinkedIn

PIEZOELECTRICITY. "These phenomena are essential for many organic, biological molecules, and all living systems in our asymmetric universe." https://lnkd.in/eBe5QYb View in LinkedIn

PIEZO AND ORIENTATION. “Relations may exist between ferroelectricity, the formation of liquid crystals, and the generation of electric impulses in nerves and muscles. Ferroelectricity is an example of the general phenomenon in which a system can be switched between two states of orientation by the application of a force." https://lnkd.in/eBe5QYb View in LinkedIn

"PROTEINS are made of combinations of the 20 known amino acids, the majority of which also have noncentrosymmetric crystal structures...as a consequence, these amino acids possess piezoelectric properties." https://lnkd.in/eBe5QYb View in LinkedIn

ONLY ASYMMETRICS NEED APPLY. "Piezoelectricity is a phenomenon which can exist only in noncentrosymmetric materials. The main building blocks of life are proteins, and the majority of protein crystals are noncentrosymmetric." https://lnkd.in/eBe5QYb View in LinkedIn

"BIOPIEZOELECTRICITY is exhibited in large-scale biological systems such as proteins, biopolymers, polysaccharides, organelles and glands." https://lnkd.in/eBe5QYb View in LinkedIn

PIEZO IN NATURE. "One of the most important manifestations of electromechanical coupling in biological systems is piezoelectricity, which stems from the crystal structure of most biopolymers including cellulose, collagen, keratin, chitin, amylose, and DNA. Piezoelectricity has been found in a number of biological systems including bones, teeth, wood, proteins, polysaccharides, etc." https://lnkd.in/ejQXn-P View in LinkedIn

NEXT FRAGMENT FROM NATURE will continue with the theme of the microbiota and the microbiota. This is an important illustration of the depth of our symbiosis with our companion bacteria. It represents a true sea-change in our scientific appreciation of the role of the microbiome in health and disease, and will undoubtedly eventually trickle down to clinical practice. View in LinkedIn

"DOPAMINE is involved in the regulation of feeding"...and is released in the brain in proportion to the pleasure experience while eating. Half of dopamine production is under microbiome control. https://lnkd.in/eJn4dQU View in LinkedIn