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"WATER molecules in protein solutions may be broadly classified into three categories: strongly bound, internal water molecules that occupy internal cavities and deep clefts; water molecules that interact with the protein surface; and bulk water." https://lnkd.in/eci_cba View in LinkedIn

"WATER PLAYS A VITAL ROLE in determining the structures and dynamics, and hence the function, of globular proteins." https://lnkd.in/eci_cba View in LinkedIn

"AQUEOUS BIPHASIC SYSTEMS. Addition of salts to water will segregate into their preferred water structuring...certain salutes cause an aqueous solution to fully separate into two aqueous phases." https://lnkd.in/ejkRMBj View in LinkedIn

ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC EFFECTS. "Liquid water is affected by magnetic fields since it is diamagnetic. Electric and magnetic fields have opposite effects on water clustering." https://lnkd.in/enutKB5 View in LinkedIn

INDUCED TRANSITIONS. "Electrodes can induce phase transitions in water, with an ordered layering of water at high densities similar to ice." https://lnkd.in/enutKB5 View in LinkedIn

ELECTROSTATIC. "Water, being dipolar, can be aligned by an electric field and this may be easily shown by the movement of a stream of water by an electrostatic force." https://lnkd.in/eqaRTp4 View in LinkedIn

CHANGING PERSISTENCE. "The lifetime of a particular cluster containing specific water molecules will be not much longer than the life of individual hydrogen bonds (ie nanoseconds) but clusters can continue forever although with constant changing of their constituent water molecules." https://lnkd.in/ejqzhbQ View in LinkedIn

ACTIVE SITES. "Water molecules are arranged/arrange themselves forming a gradient in water dynamics around active sites such that they facilitate the reactions, via active sites' "hydration funnel"." https://lnkd.in/ev7vxpB View in LinkedIn

"SUPER-CLUSTERS of water molecules are thought to exist, forming regular matrices and even long strands. The largest super cluster may be the icosahedral (H2O)1820." https://lnkd.in/ecdGe8U View in LinkedIn

NOT A BYSTANDER. "Rather than being a mere bystander, hydration ​water actively partakes in macromolecular activity such as protein–protein and protein–DNA recognition, protein allostery, electron and proton transfer, and enzyme reactions. The first hydration layer on the protein surface is of particular importance for biological activity that is lost in most completely dry proteins." https://lnkd.in/etJtRxP View in LinkedIn