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MASTER SWITCHES. "It is now clear that the components of the apoptotic machinery are constitutively expressed in virtually all nucleated animal cells and that the activation of this machinery is controlled by a set of intracellular regulatory proteins that transduce signals from both inside and outside the cell." https://lnkd.in/eKW9GDr View in LinkedIn

ANCIENT MOLECULAR MACHINERY. "Cells monitor their environment and continuously make decisions as to whether they should continue living. When faced with a potential apoptotic signal the cell wants to avoid triggering premature or unneeded apoptosis all the while it wants to make sure to initiate apoptosis if the signal is of significant intensity. This is achieved by balancing pro- and anti-apoptotic machineries." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167488910002764 View in LinkedIn

LARGE SCALE APOPTOSIS. In the nematode worm C. Elegans, 80% of neural cells are destroyed by apoptosis during development, and in mammals, 50% of the neuronal and oligodendrogial cells die from apoptosis. https://lnkd.in/eQzMpkX View in LinkedIn

IMPORTED GENE SOURCE. "Foreign genes predominately originate from bacteria and protists." https://lnkd.in/e5G7Nk8 View in LinkedIn

VAST CELLULAR TURNOVER. "It is estimated that to maintain homeostasis in the adult human body, around 10 billion cells are made each day just to balance those dying by apoptosis." https://lnkd.in/eFmC7Ys View in LinkedIn

IMPORTED GENES. "In the human we find genes in five of the six categories: amino-acid metabolism (two genes), macromolecule modification (15 genes), lipid metabolism (13 genes), antioxidant activities (five genes) and innate immune response (seven genes)." https://lnkd.in/e5G7Nk8 View in LinkedIn

CARROT AND STICK. "The role of apoptosis in normal physiology is as significant as that of its counterpart, mitosis. It demonstrates a complementary but opposite role to mitosis and cell proliferation in the regulation of various cell populations." https://lnkd.in/eFmC7Ys View in LinkedIn

MOST GENE INSERTS ARE UNCHARACTERIZED. "Many foreign genes are, like many native genes, currently uncharacterised, even in intensively studied model organisms; for example, the human (foreign) gene ENSG00000136830 is annotated ‘family with sequence similarity 129, member B’, but there is no information on its role." https://lnkd.in/e5G7Nk8 View in LinkedIn

FLEETING EVENTS. "Apoptosis is over 20 times faster than mitosis. Sightings of dying cells in vivo are therefore rare. Apoptotic cells are engulfed and degraded by neighboring cells without a trace." Unpacking takes less time than packing. https://lnkd.in/e2jYAUk View in LinkedIn

OPERATIONAL VS INFORMATIONAL. "In prokaryotes, horizontally acquired genes tend to be operational, typically encoding enzymes, rather than informational, that is, genes involved in transcription and translation. It has recently been suggested that network connectivity is a more important consideration than function, but nevertheless most identified foreign genes are concerned with metabolism." https://lnkd.in/e5G7Nk8 View in LinkedIn