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PHYSICAL INFORMATION. "Information is often described as something that aids in decision making...One of the insights that has emerged from the theory of computation is that information must be physical—information cannot exist without a physical substrate that encodes it... In computers, information is encoded in zeros and ones, which themselves are represented by different voltages on semiconductors." https://lnkd.in/ePx8EJu View in LinkedIn

WHAT IS BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION? We may fairly assume that biological information has a structural basis. Is it the sequence of nucleotides, as in DNA, or the 3D structure, as in prions? Or perhaps it is more subtle, at a quantum mechanical level, at the level of electron spins, as researchers have been finding for selected systems. View in LinkedIn

THREE LEGS TO THE STOOL. "Life is a delicate interplay of energy, entropy, and information; essential functions of living beings correspond to the generation, consumption, processing, preservation, and duplication of information." https://lnkd.in/e6SKFbD View in LinkedIn

DEFECTIVE INTERFERING PARTICLES "(DIPs) are derived from and associated with their parent virus, and particles are classed as DIPs if they are rendered non-infectious due to at least one essential gene of the virus being lost or severely damaged as a result of the defection." https://lnkd.in/ejcrqcC View in LinkedIn

SPACE AND TIME. "In networks involving regulation, signaling, and metabolism, information is exchanged in space and time for decision making, thus timeliness of information delivery along with reliability and complexity constitute the basic objective." https://lnkd.in/e6SKFbD View in LinkedIn

DEFECTIVE VIRUS. "In virology, defective interfering particles (DIPs), also known as defective interfering viruses, are spontaneously generated virus mutants in which a critical portion of the particle's genome has been lost due to defective replication." It depends on another virus (a "helper virus") for its replication. https://lnkd.in/ejcrqcC View in LinkedIn

CYBERBIO. "For many biologists, the most basic processes characteristic of living organisms should now be understood in terms of the expression of information, the execution of programs, and the interpretation of codes." https://lnkd.in/espyFHA View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS the first weekend Fragment about information in biology, which is a central concept today, especially as biology and computers continue to converge, work side by side experimentally, and share a common language and even conceptual framework. View in LinkedIn

HEART OF CODE. "The differentiable characteristic of the living systems is Information. Information assures the controlled reproduction of all constituents, thereby ensuring conservation of viability." (M. Eigen). Read this mathematical treatment of information in biological systems. https://lnkd.in/e6SKFbD View in LinkedIn

UTILITY IS THE KEY. "Signals by themselves do not usually contain any meaning, i.e., supplying useful patterns, material or energy. Rather, meaning appears only when the agents involved in communication interpret the information." https://lnkd.in/eJc-Z-m View in LinkedIn