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PLANTS. "Currently, it is unclear whether the evolution of reproductive isolating barriers is under simple genetic control or due to more complex additive and/or epistatic control, involves loci of major or minor effect, and whether genetic architecture is dependent on the type of reproductive isolating barrier." https://lnkd.in/eGmuRdp View in LinkedIn

PRION EPIGENETIC SWITCH. "The mammalian prion species barrier, which prevents the spread of scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy to man, has been the focus of intense research efforts. Our data show that for the yeast [PSI+] prion, the species barrier results from a remarkable specificity in interaction between the prion protein itself, mediated by a well-defined epitope in the PrD. Because prion domains are modular, fusion to prion domains could potentially allow prion-based regulation of a broad range of proteins." https://lnkd.in/ebZGb4M View in LinkedIn

REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION. "The role of sexual selection as a selective force in plant speciation is still controversial, in contrast to the situation in animals." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13756/full View in LinkedIn

PLANT GENE DOUBLING. "The total chromosome number also may double by combining the chromosome sets of a single species. Of the 260,000 known species of plants, as many as half may have originated in this way." https://lnkd.in/ejwXt8N View in LinkedIn

PLANT VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION. "Even if hybrids are unable to undergo sexual reproduction because their chromosomes do not sort out properly in meiosis, they may reproduce vegetatively." https://lnkd.in/ejwXt8N View in LinkedIn

POLYPLOIDY LEADS TO HYBRIDS. "In plants, new, reproductively isolated species may arise instantaneously, due to multiplication of the entire complement of chromosomes by a process known as polyploidy. This may occur as a result of hybridization, combining the chromosome sets from two parent species in a hybrid individual. If such hybrids turn out to be well adapted to environmental conditions, hybridization is a mechanism that produces new species." https://lnkd.in/ejwXt8N View in LinkedIn

HOST RANGE. "Many infectious diseases cross the species barrier. Generally, this crossing occurs either because humans come into contact with a microorganism that is already capable of causing human infection or because an alteration occurs in the spectrum of species for which the organism is pathogenic — the so-called host range." https://lnkd.in/enTxJtp View in LinkedIn

CROSSING THE SPECIES BARRIER. "Though the transfer of viruses between different host species is rare, those that do cross the species barrier often lead to severe outbreaks; further adaptation can then result in the emergence of variants worldwide. For a virus to cross between species, several genetic adaptations need to occur in the virus." https://lnkd.in/eRYaKeC View in LinkedIn

SPECIES BARRIERS. "The definition of a species is that it cannot breed successfully with another species, so "to understand speciation is to understand how these reproductive barriers evolved...You call them new species when there are barriers that prevent them from breeding with each other. Identifying these genes and uncovering the molecular basis of hybrid sterility or death is key to understanding how new species evolve and remains one of the big and longstanding questions in biology since Darwin." https://lnkd.in/euTejtt View in LinkedIn

"GENETIC DIVERSITY is the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. Genetic diversity serves as a way for populations to adapt to changing environments. With more variation, it is more likely that some individuals in a population will possess variations of alleles that are suited for the environment. Those individuals are more likely to survive to produce offspring bearing that allele. The population will continue for more generations because of the success of these individuals." https://lnkd.in/ek-X-q4 View in LinkedIn