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EXOSYMBIONT. "Like other eukaryotes, diatom cells contain mitochondria evolved from a single primary endosymbiotic event involving an α-proteobacterium. No trace of mitochondria remain in the secondary endosymbiont, and so it is believed that diatom mitochondria are derived from the exosymbiont." http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/01/20/jxb.err441.full View in LinkedIn

DIATOMS. "In contrast to higher plants and green algae which derive from a primary endosymbiosis, diatoms are now believed to originate from a serial secondary endosymbiosis involving both green and red algae and a heterotrophic exosymbiont host." A Dutch doll ancestry. https://lnkd.in/eFCkB94 View in LinkedIn

THE ULTIMATE INVASIVE SPECIES. "The nucleus can recruit novel exons even from “junk DNA” derived from plastids and mitochondria, and genes from cyanobacteria or proteobacteria now code in plants for many proteins that are not in their original compartment but have ended up elsewhere in the cell." https://lnkd.in/ePgs9VJ View in LinkedIn

CROSSTALK between the chloroplast and mitochondrion in the cell, both originating from ancient bacteria, both critical powerhouses of the cell, must be highly coordinated, and in a common molecular language, despite disparate cultural backgrounds. Equally, between these and the cellular nucleus, another foreign beast engulfed in ancient times. View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this two weekend fragment on what constitutes a species, especially at the genetic level. Recent work in uncovering speciation genes have gone a long way to illuminate the molecular species barriers that exist. This is the point in history where molecular genetics takes over from Darwin. But what cell cycle regulation has to do with speciation is a gnarly conundrum. View in LinkedIn

GENE SIGNIFICANCE. "The find is significant for several reasons. It removes an obstacle form our understanding of the molecular basis of reproductive isolation. It implicates cell cycle regulation in the preservation of species barriers." https://lnkd.in/eh4dCsa View in LinkedIn

HYBRID INVIABILITY GENES. "They are made unfit at the molecular level by means of hybrid inviability genes, but these have eluded scientific scrutiny. Some but not all such genes have been found—even in intensely studied fruit fly species. Now, however, scientists based at the University of Utah have announced that they have identified a long-sought hybrid inviability gene that keeps two species of fruit flies from producing viable, fertile offspring." https://lnkd.in/eh4dCsa View in LinkedIn

EPISTASIS AND CELL CYCLE ROLES. "The identification of gfzf, in particular, emphasizes the role of cell cycle regulations mechanisms in the evolution of hybrid incompatibilities and the complex epistatic interactions which underlie dominant hybrid incompatibilities in F1 hybrids." https://lnkd.in/eFexwJZ View in LinkedIn

HYBRID RESCUE GENES. "The discovery of hybrid rescue genes, with mutations that reverse hybrid sterility or inviability, has significantly advanced our understanding of the genetic mechanisms that underlie the evolution of reproductive isolation during or following speciation." https://lnkd.in/eFexwJZ View in LinkedIn

THIRD SET OF SPECIATION GENES. “An essential cell cycle regulation gene causes hybrid inviability in Drosophila. Despite decades of investigation, the genetic basis of this hybrid F1 male inviability remains incompletely resolved. Consistent with our predictions, gfzfsim resides on the D. simulans third chromosome and is essential for viability." https://lnkd.in/eFexwJZ View in LinkedIn