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KEY FINDING. "One of the most interesting discoveries in the last decades was certainly the fact that nucleic acid sequences are not only information bearing molecules that serve as a read-only storage medium, but they can be actively modified by several coplayers." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

NANOFABRICATION. "Despite their small size (1−10 μm across), coccoliths are remarkably elaborate biomineral structures characterized by precise control of both nucleation and growth of calcite by the organic system...Calcification in coccolithophores occurs primarily in Golgi-derived vesicles." https://lnkd.in/eUUB9pU View in LinkedIn

NANOFABRICATION. "Despite their small size (1−10 μm across), coccoliths are remarkably elaborate biomineral structures characterized by precise control of both nucleation and growth of calcite by the organic system...Calcification in coccolithophores occurs primarily in Golgi-derived vesicles." https://lnkd.in/eUUB9pU View in LinkedIn

GREAT VARIETY. "Different groups of algae form CaCO3 in strikingly different ways, and the cellular sites of calcification can be either internal or external, suggesting that calcification mechanisms evolved independently in different groups." https://lnkd.in/eXTtntg View in LinkedIn

CONCLUSION. "This analysis suggests that calcification is unlikely to be a major energy sink for excess (to photosynthesis) excitation energy in photosynthesis. Coccolithophores are generally characterised as not being very susceptible to photoinhibition." https://lnkd.in/e2i9eMi View in LinkedIn

ENERGETICS. "There seems to be a minimum energy cost of 1.5 mol ATP per mol CaCO3 deposited. This involves a photon cost of 1.71 photons per CaCO3 with cyclic electron flow generating ATP, i.e. 11% of the cost of photosynthetic growth...the calcification cost is 19% that of photosynthetic growth." https://lnkd.in/e2i9eMi View in LinkedIn

ENERGETICS. "There seems to be a minimum energy cost of 1.5 mol ATP per mol CaCO3 deposited. This involves a photon cost of 1.71 photons per CaCO3 with cyclic electron flow generating ATP, i.e. 11% of the cost of photosynthetic growth...the calcification cost is 19% that of photosynthetic growth." https://lnkd.in/e2i9eMi View in LinkedIn

PHOTONS PER MOLECULE. "The minimum stoichiometry of a CCM is 1 mol ATP per mol CO2 which, with cyclic photophosphorylation as the ATP source, with 1.14 mol photons needed to generate 1 mol ATP means a total of 8.43 + 1.14 = 9.57 mol photons per mol CO2...gives a total cost of photosynthetic growth of at least 15.5 mol photons per mol CO2." https://lnkd.in/e2i9eMi View in LinkedIn

ENERGETIC COST. "Calcification is an energy-dependent process and so is ultimately dependent on photo- synthesis in the obligately photolithotrophic coccolithophores...the absolute minimum energy cost for the conversion of 1 mol CO2 to carbohydrate is 8.43 mol of absorbed photons (400−700 nm)." https://lnkd.in/e2i9eMi View in LinkedIn

NON-CODING DNA REPEATS. "Repetitive genomic sequences indicate descent from retroviral infection events." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn