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MICRO-RNAs. "They originate during the transcriptional process, when the actual text building blocks are put together for a protein and when most of the non-protein-coding RNA is cut out and appears to be left over. This involves an incredible 97% of the genome’s transcriptional output." https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

BROAD REMIT. "The whole range of mobile genetic agents that are competent to edit the genetic code/nucleic acid language not only edit, but also regulate key cellular processes of replication as well as transcription, translation, re-combination, repair, and even inventions via a wide variety of small RNAs." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

VIRUS-FIRST THESIS. "If we consider the important role of the highly structured and ordered regulatory network of noncoding RNAs as not being randomly derived, one of the most favorable models with explanatory power is the virus-first thesis. This means that the evolution of the noncoding RNA world is the result of persistent viral life strategies." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

CYCLE WINDOWS FOR REGULATORS. "In general, noncoding RNAs play important roles as intermediate products in the function and structure of the host genome, for example, in the reproductive cycle of host cells from the start to the end of the S-phase. Regulatory functions are restricted to specific phases of the cell cycle." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

VIRAL ORIGINS. "Most of the functions of gene control that we currently know descended from retro-elements." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

REGULATORS AND DISEASE. "Micro-RNAs are acknowledged as key regulators of gene expression. This means that dysfunctions of these regulatory mechanisms may lead to dysregulated genes with a cascade of disease-causing consequences." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

REGULATORY FORMS. "Some of the discovered tasks of these micro-RNAs are co-suppression, suppression of transposition, position effect variegation, start-stop signals, RNA interference, imprinting, chromosomal methylation, transvection, transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing along with numerous other RNA-DNA, RNA-RNA (trans-acting RNAs), RNA-protein interactions." https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

EXPRESSION BUFFERS. "Such findings support their role as gene expression buffers in lieu of direct effectors and highlight the challenges and controversy associated with the study of microRNAs." https://lnkd.in/efHkz7K View in LinkedIn

KNOCKOUT NULLS. "Dramatic changes in microRNA levels are typically required to produce a phenotype, and a phenotype is not guaranteed. Even the majority of microRNA knockout models demonstrate a lack of phenotype, except under stressful conditions. This implies that while their loss is generally tolerated under homeostatic conditions, extreme conditions can result in a sufficient breakdown in gene expression control to produce phenotypes." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/stem.1922/full View in LinkedIn

GENETIC REGULATORS. "The formation of the pulvinus in legumes is likely to be regulated by a conserved genetic network orchestrated by the ELP1/APU/SLP1 genes. In the absence of these genes, the small, isodiametric, epidermal pulvinus cells with a highly convoluted surface are replaced by much larger and elongated petiole-like epidermal cells." Numerous studies of mutant flowers that cannot close at night led to this discovery. https://lnkd.in/eE__XBs View in LinkedIn