Category: Uncategorized

IONIC GRADIENTS AND PHOTOPERIODS. "In heliotropism, upon light exposure, an asymmetric turgor gradient formed between the adaxial and abaxial motor cells leads to leaf movement. Potassium ion influx coupled with chlorine ion is powered by a proton gradient and results in osmotic influx. In addition to heliotropism, the pulvinus changes turgor for nyctinastic leaf folding, and is affected by alterations in the length of the photoperiod." https://lnkd.in/e9s_fPH View in LinkedIn

EXQUISITE FLEXIBILITY. ""The complex nature of microRNAs implies that they are capable of achieving amazing regulation of cellular function. For example, microRNAs have even been demonstrated to regulate vertebrate embryonic development through managing gradient expression." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/stem.1922/full View in LinkedIn

HISTORICAL DEFICIENCY. "MicroRNAs were likely implemented throughout evolution due to inherent deficiencies in gene expression regulation. Such inadequacies could have otherwise hindered the emergence of complex organisms referring to the evolution of vertebrates and mammals in particular." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/stem.1922/full View in LinkedIn

NATURAL WASTE. "It may seem strange that plants and animals have evolved such an elaborate system to prevent the use of certain mRNAs. The notion that perfectly good nucleic acids are degraded after they are transcribed seems even wasteful at times." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/stem.1922/full View in LinkedIn

NARROW CYCLE WINDOWS. "Endogenous retroviral competences in the persistent status are often characterized by features expressed only in the strict time window of a developmental process, such as axis formation, trophectoplast formation, or the S phase of the cell cycle." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

"THE PERSISTENT LIFESTYLE allows the virus to transmit complex viral phenotypes to the host organism. This process, which changes both the genetic identity of the host and the identity of its persistent settler, enables the host to broaden its evolutionary adaptational potential and may promote the formation of new species." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

MORE ANCIENT. "Interestingly, phylogenetic analyses do not support the former concept of RNA- and DNA-viruses descending from cellular life. These analyses also show that DNA and RNA viruses most probably did not have a common ancestor but evolved independently. Viruses probably have to be placed at the very beginning of life, long before cellular life evolved." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

VIRUS-FIRST VIEW. "For decades it has been assumed that viruses escaped from cellular organisms representing genetic parasites. There are several good arguments why viruses evolved before cellular agents." https://lnkd.in/eg6uePF View in LinkedIn

ORIGINS. "Genetic parasites, parasite replicators, mobile genetic elements, introns, viruses, and several other entities that are involved in competent genetic content arrangements and natural genome editing are known today. Where, how and when did they evolve?" https://lnkd.in/eg6uePF View in LinkedIn

NEW CONCEPTS. "The concepts of the origin of the genetic code and the definitions of life changed dramatically after the RNA world hypothesis. Main narratives in molecular biology and genetics such as the “central dogma,” “one gene one protein” and “non-coding DNA is junk” were falsified meanwhile. RNA moved from the transition intermediate molecule into centre stage." https://lnkd.in/eg6uePF View in LinkedIn