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JUNK BEGETS NOVELTY. "There are some indications that noncoding DNA plays a role in the de novo generation of genes." Smile at the reversals of history. https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

ADVANTAGEOUS ERRORS. "In an abundance of replication errors, in very few cases it may occur that one or a few are beneficial to prior master types. They have selective advantages, and the accumulation of such rare beneficial mutations is the driving force for variation, the core force that is subject to biological selection." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nyas.12570/abstract View in LinkedIn

MULTIPLE MEANINGS. "During translation from digital DNA storage into the analog code of protein language it is interesting that DNA information contains multiple RNA- and protein meanings, that is, from the same genetic data set it is possible to transcribe multiple RNA species or translate a variety of proteins according to the higher order regulations inherent in epigenetic control and/or transcriptional, pre- or posttranscriptional modification targets." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

REPLICATION ERRORS. "If information is really only physics and chemistry, then replication can only form identical copies. If changes occur that vary the master copy, the correct designation is error. Therefore, mutation as error replication is the appropriate term, because it is a statistical event, randomly derived." https://lnkd.in/bpZMBAH View in LinkedIn

IMMUNITY TO RETROVIRAL INFECTIONS. "As intron-rich linear chromosomes are the preferred habitat for persistent retroviral infections, and because of their important role in host-genetic content (re) arrangements, the invention of bacterial circular genomes must have had an effective immune function against retroviral infections. The result was the evolution of organisms that successfully escaped the high selective pressures of the early RNA world." https://lnkd.in/ekWBG2q View in LinkedIn

"HYPOTHESIS: micromessengers are agents of conflict between different interacting parties. The potential for miRNAs to function as micromessengers to effect cell-to-cell communication at a distance represents considerable potential for the expression of conflicts of interest." https://lnkd.in/eRcyMDJ View in LinkedIn

HIGHER LEVEL CONTROL. "But this text processing on protein-coding DNA is overruled by the genome processing abilities of repetitive DNA of introns coding not for proteins but a lot of RNAs among them active micro-RNAs. Typically, any mistakes in protein-coding and non-protein coding text processing have grave if not lethal consequences for the organism." https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

LOW ERROR RATE WITH DNA. "No technical production system, regardless how perfect, even approaches the low error rate achieved in the DNA reproduction process in living organisms." https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

SEASONAL STRESSORS. "Throughout its growing range, this evergreen species is exposed to subfreezing temperatures that range from -10 to -30°C during the winter and high temperatures exceeding 30°C during the summer. These extremes are generally indicative of conditions leading to photo-oxidative stress, especially during periods of high irradiance and reduced CO2 fixation, when the primary sink for the removal of electrons from PSI is limited." (Eastern White Pine). https://lnkd.in/eqkRiKP View in LinkedIn

HIGHER PHOTOSYNTHESIS. "A study in Germany compared energy production in beech trees (which have broad, flat leaves) and Norway spruce trees (which have needles). It was found that the beech trees photosynthesize for 176 days in a year while the Norway spruce photosynthesize 260 days in a year! The bottom energy line was that with this increased time base for photosynthesis, the smaller leafed surface area of the Norway spruce was actually 58% more productive than the beech!" https://lnkd.in/evhFvqV View in LinkedIn