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PLACENTAL NOVELTY. "If we were to investigate the evolutionary novelty of placental mammals, we would have to explain a rather complex genotype, the syncitin complex, by randomly derived replication errors. However, generation, integration, and regulation of the placenta are not a stepwise process, and missing links have not yet been found." https://lnkd.in/bpZMBAH View in LinkedIn

SCAVENGING TOXIC RADICALS. "Some cold-hardened species demonstrate a resistance to photoinhibition that may result from increased metabolism of active oxygen scavengers. Cold acclimatization has been associated with increased levels of ascorbate, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, ascorbate free radical reductase, glutathione, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase." https://lnkd.in/eqkRiKP View in LinkedIn

PERSISTENT VIRUSES. "Several capabilities of the eukaryotic nucleus show features common to large DNA viruses and cannot be found in any cellular organism, which may indicate that the symbiogenesis of eukaryotes additionally depended on a persistent virus as its nucleus and maybe even its nucleolus." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nyas.12570/abstract View in LinkedIn

DAMPING THE MACHINE. "Cold-acclimated conifer species such as Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies undergo a decrease in the efficiency of PSII (photoinhibition), which is assumed to provide a mechanism for thermal and radiative dissipation of excess excitation energy of the photosynthetic apparatus." https://lnkd.in/eqkRiKP View in LinkedIn

TWO BRANCHES. "Eukaryotic genes that participate in information processing (translation, transcription, etc.) show a close relationship to eubacteria. On the other side, genetic factors that control metabolic processes more closely resemble the metabolic processes of archaea." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nyas.12570/abstract View in LinkedIn

Plan bee: Minnesota sets broad limits on chemicals blamed for bee decline View in LinkedIn

GENETIC HYBRIDS. "Eukaryotic cells are the result of the merging of several different ancestral genomes. Endosymbiotic concepts demonstrate convincingly that most of the DNA found in the cytoplasm of protoctists, animals, fungi, and plants come from genes of bacteria that became organelles, not from mutations." https://lnkd.in/bpZMBAH View in LinkedIn

DAMAGE REDUCTION. "All these changes are meant to balance the partitioning of energy at the photosystem level between photochemical and non-photochemical processes, so the excitation pressure at the photosystem II and damage to reaction centres can be reduced." https://lnkd.in/eYuQ_dT View in LinkedIn

THERMAL DISSIPATION. "Evergreen leaves also alter the energy partitioning at the photosystem level modifying the contribution of dynamic and sustainable thermal dissipation processes that are strongly regulated by light and temperature." View in LinkedIn

RESTRUCTURING OPTIONS. "Some of the changes concern restructuring and changes in size of photon-capturing antennae, and some are related to modifications in the quantity of chlorophylls, non-photosynthetic pigments, photosystem II light harvesting complexes and reaction centres." https://lnkd.in/eYuQ_dT View in LinkedIn