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ARTIFICIAL REPRODUCTION. "The less a scientist says about that now the better. It is a wonderful subject, and in many ways an awful one. That the human species may be made artificially to reproduce itself by the withdrawal of chemical restraint by other than natural means is a matter we do not like to contemplate." (Loeb). https://lnkd.in/eQf5Evv View in LinkedIn

MECHANISMS OF PLOIDY. "Polyploids (individuals carrying more than two sets of chromosomes) can originate through a variety of pathways. These include the somatic doubling of chromosomes in meristematic tissue during mitosis and, perhaps more commonly, unreduced gametes." https://lnkd.in/es_dhAz View in LinkedIn

DEVILS AND DETAILS. "Hybridization between diploids and tetraploids can lead to new allopolyploid species, often via a triploid intermediate. Viable triploids are often produced asymmetrically, with greater success observed for “maternal-excess” crosses where the mother has a higher ploidy than the father." https://lnkd.in/es_dhAz View in LinkedIn

SPIN CYCLE CENTRALITY. "I suggest that this perspective is central to much of plant biology, a proposal bolstered by the realization that the size and functional diversification of contemporary plant multi-gene family structures, gene expression patterns, and genic contexts all represent the culmination of this repeated “wash–rinse–repeat” cycle of polyploidization followed by nonrandom and incomplete diploidization." http://www.amjbot.org/content/early/2015/10/09/ajb.1500320 View in LinkedIn

FAVORED GENE SETS. "How does our new view of the genesis of modern flowering plant genome organization impact our understanding of plant evolution, form, and function?" http://www.amjbot.org/content/early/2015/10/09/ajb.1500320 View in LinkedIn

DURABLE TRACES. "This phenomenon, termed biased fractionation, has been widely observed across angiosperm lineages, and leaves evolutionary footprints that may remain visible for at least 60 million years." http://www.amjbot.org/content/early/2015/10/09/ajb.1500320 View in LinkedIn

PREFERRED GENOME. "A second intriguing aspect of the diploidization process is that it may be nonrandom with respect to retention of the ancestral progenitor genomes. Phrased alternatively, it has been suggested that one of the two genomes is preferentially retained, often with higher gene expression levels than in the more fractionated genome." http://www.amjbot.org/content/early/2015/10/09/ajb.1500320 View in LinkedIn

HYPOTHESES FOR SELECTIVITY. "A number of nonmutually exclusive explanations have been forwarded to account for these patterns, including differences in the propensity of genes to experience neutral or selectively imposed subfunctionalization or neofunctionalization, constraints imposed by dosage considerations, and the need for stoichiometric balance in multiprotein complexes." http://www.amjbot.org/content/early/2015/10/09/ajb.1500320 View in LinkedIn

SPECIES BARRIERS. "Barriers to interploidy mating within and between species, including triploid block, have been studied using controlled crosses in a variety of natural and artificially produced diploids and polyploids." https://lnkd.in/es_dhAz View in LinkedIn

FIRST DUPLICATION TYPE. "Whole genome duplicates are 700 bp longer and are expressed in 20% more tissues than tandem duplicates." https://lnkd.in/eHCDVhZ View in LinkedIn