Month: September 2022

Bill Gates gives $4.6bn to charity in biggest donation since 2000 https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/15/bill-gates-charity-donation-microsoft-shares-foundation?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

NEW VIEWPOINT. "In the more than one decade since the completion of the Human Genome Project, the prevalence of non-protein-coding functional elements in the human genome has emerged as a key revelation in post-genomic biology." https://lnkd.in/eBig_Gi View in LinkedIn

NON-CODING SEQUENCES. "Highlighted by the ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) and FANTOM (Functional Annotation of Mammals) consortia, these elements include tens of thousands of pseudogenes, as well as comparably numerous long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes." https://lnkd.in/eBig_Gi View in LinkedIn

IMPORTANT FACT. "Protein-coding genes could generate transcripts from lncRNAs genes. Conversely, proteins may be synthesized from lncRNAs. Recent data have identified 24 human protein-coding genes with noncoding homologous genes in other species." (IncRNA = long non coding RNA). https://lnkd.in/d2sxUZQ View in LinkedIn

ANTISENSE. “Compared with coding transcripts, most antisense lncRNAs are expressed at 10-fold lower levels on average, and their expression in different tissues and cell types has generally been found to be more cell type specific. A biological role of antisense lncRNAs, despite this low expression, could still be rationalized due to the fact that there are two copies of DNA for any given gene in a cell; consequently, just two antisense lncRNA molecules are sufficient to interact with the two gene copies and elicit regulatory effects.” (IncRNA = long non coding RNA). http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/16/2/3251/htm View in LinkedIn

SENSATIONAL HEADLINE. "It’s hard to imagine a more sensational biology headline than that: a second genetic code. The foundation of our modern understanding of life is based on the original, a 64-line legend to the biological map." https://lnkd.in/dkCZ-Qy View in LinkedIn

HIDDEN SUB-CODE. "Transcription Factors which can modulate the expression levels of genes. This new research suggests that there is a sub-code buried within the same stretches of DNA that make proteins, one that specifies TF binding and thus at least partially controls gene expression." http://www.geek.com/science/scientists-discover-a-second-genetic-code-except-not-really-1579496/ View in LinkedIn

SECOND CODE. "Scientists have discovered a second code hiding within DNA. The second code contains information that changes how scientists read the instructions contained in DNA and interpret mutations to make sense of health and disease." https://lnkd.in/dF_aARJ View in LinkedIn

TWO LANGUAGES. "Genomes use the genetic code to write two separate languages. One describes how proteins are made, and the other instructs the cell on how genes are controlled. One language is written on top of the other." https://lnkd.in/dF_aARJ View in LinkedIn

40 YEARS WITH HALF A WHEEL. "For over 40 years we have assumed that DNA changes affecting the genetic code solely impact how proteins are made…Now we know that this basic assumption about reading the human genome missed half of the picture." https://lnkd.in/dF_aARJ View in LinkedIn