Month: September 2022

CASE STUDY 2. HERMAPHRODITE FUNGUS NEUROSPORA CRASSA serves to illustrate a second case of reproductive flexibility. View in LinkedIn

NEUROSPORA UNEQUAL EXPRESSION. "Differential gene expression is believed to largely explain sexually dichotomous phenotypes. This phenomenon is especially significant in hermaphrodites, in which male and female sexual tissues have identical genotypes." https://lnkd.in/eUbE-is View in LinkedIn

GENETIC ORIGINS. "Sex differences in transcription have been linked to molecular evolution: genes with higher expression in male compared with female sexual tissues (i.e., male-biased genes) have been associated with rapid gene divergence in various animals and plants, implying that selective differences exist among the sexual structures." https://lnkd.in/eUbE-is View in LinkedIn

UNEQUAL EVOLUTION. "Sex differences in expression have been connected to gene divergence in numerous eukaryotes. For instance, genes with enriched transcription in males, commonly referred to as male-biased genes, typically evolve more rapidly at the protein level than female-biased or unbiased genes." https://lnkd.in/eUbE-is View in LinkedIn

NEUROSPORA RARE FEMALE ACCELERATION. "Our data showed that N. crassa comprises a rare example of an organism where female-biased genes evolve rapidly; they exhibited faster evolution at the protein level and reduced optimal codon usage compared with male-biased genes, sexually unbiased genes, and vegetative genes." https://lnkd.in/eUbE-is View in LinkedIn

NEUROSPORA. "Female-biased genes also had a greater portion of sites that experienced positive selection and showed stronger signals of selective sweeps than male-biased genes, suggesting that the rapid evolution is at least partly driven by adaptive evolution." https://lnkd.in/eUbE-is View in LinkedIn

NEUROSPORA SEXUAL GENE EXPRESSION. "Sexually dimorphic gene expression and its connection to molecular evolution are particularly strong for genes associated with sexual structures. Genes with higher expression in male sexual organs and gametes often exhibit more pronounced interspecific protein divergence than those from female sexual tissues or nonsexual tissues." https://lnkd.in/eUbE-is View in LinkedIn

NEUROSPORA CRASSA "are sexually dichotomous, producing conidia and protoperithecia, which have been described cytologically and behaviorally as male and female sexual structures, respectively." https://lnkd.in/eUbE-is View in LinkedIn

NEUROSPORA MECHANISM. "The much larger female protoperithecium accepts the nucleus from the male structure, harbors karyogamy and meiosis, and shelters and sustains the developing offspring until release; thus, production of female structures is apt to be a greater investment for reproduction than the smaller, male structures, which solely contributes the fertilizing nucleus. Also similar to many animals/plants, the male donor cells are produced in much higher numbers than the female tissues." https://lnkd.in/eUbE-is View in LinkedIn

NEUROSPORA DUAL ROLES. "The male structure may serve dual roles, one as a male donor during fertilization and another as an asexual spore that grows vegetatively or form anastomosis cells that link into networks." https://lnkd.in/eUbE-is View in LinkedIn