Month: September 2022

COMBINED STEP MODEL. "The view of the present author is that in none of them is there convincing evidence to conclude that the groups arose solely through gradual changes. More specifically, there is no basis to reject an evolutionary origin of the major traits in each group that included at least one principal innovation, occurring in a large, discontinuous step, preceded and followed by relatively small, more gradual changes. https://lnkd.in/dDbgqi3 View in LinkedIn

VERY RARE. "All vertebrates develop lateralized visceral organs during embryogenesis, but flatfish are virtually the only vertebrates that also undergo significant asymmetric post-embryonic development." https://lnkd.in/dxtUYFT View in LinkedIn

METAMORPHOSIS. "In most species of animals, embryonic development leads to a larval stage with characteristics very different from those of the adult organism. During metamorphosis, developmental processes are reactivated by specific hormones, and the entire organism changes to prepare itself for its new mode of existence. Thus, metamorphosis is often a time of dramatic developmental change affecting the entire organism." https://lnkd.in/dd6g7wk View in LinkedIn

DISRUPTIVE CHANGE. "Metamorphosis describes the “change in form” associated with the transition between life cycle stages in a wide range of animal taxa. This transition can be accompanied by modifications in morphology, physiology, behavior, habitat and feeding mode." https://lnkd.in/du68ipH View in LinkedIn

"FLATFISH are the most asymmetrically-shaped vertebrate to ever live on earth." https://lnkd.in/dJGjXtX View in LinkedIn

TISSUE REMODELING. "The most spectacular post-embryonic tissue remodelling in the vertebrates is eye migration in flatfish." https://lnkd.in/dUgiPFA View in LinkedIn

EYE MIGRATION. "All adult flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes), including the gastronomically familiar plaice, sole, turbot and halibut, have highly asymmetrical skulls, with both eyes placed on one side of the head. This arrangement, one of the most extraordinary anatomical specializations among vertebrates, arises through migration of one eye during late larval development." https://lnkd.in/dXkc9jF View in LinkedIn

WHOLESALE CHANGES. "The external transformation in flatfish morphology is accompanied by a plethora of changes in the structure and function of tissues and organs." https://lnkd.in/du68ipH View in LinkedIn

MANY CHANGES. "Body swim-posture changes during flounder metamorphosis as one eye migrates to the opposite side of the head.” https://lnkd.in/d9EMwRb View in LinkedIn

BETTER VISION. "As the larva transforms into a settled juvenile the head remodels asymmetrically and one eye is repositioned to the opposite side, giving the settled fish the distinct advantage of a broad visual panorama with two eyes on its `top' side. As metamorphosis progresses, flatfish larvae spend less time swimming and more time settled with their `blind' side touching the ground." https://lnkd.in/dxtUYFT View in LinkedIn