Month: September 2022

CARE OF CONTAMINATION. “It must be emphasized that, to avoid drift of terrestrial bacteria into space, the sampler “TEST” was sterilized in an autoclave and with γ- radiation. After the dust was collected from the surface of the ISS, the astronaut screwed the tampon holder into the body of the sampler “TEST” in the open space, so that the swab remained in vacuum until the sampler was opened in the terrestrial laboratory, which was also important to avoid nucleic acids contamination.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

NUMEROUS REPEAT EXPERIMENTS. “Due to the importance of the results showing the presence of wild bacterial DNA in cosmic dust, we repeated the collection of cosmic dust on the ISS surface many times during several years (2013–2016). During the experiments in open space during 2013–2016, more than ten probes of cosmic dust were collected. “ https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

CONSISTENT FINDINGS. “It is very important that the DNA of the same microorganisms (Delftia sp.; Mycobacteria sp.; Archaebacteria) was repeatedly found at different sites of the station in different years.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

DIVERSE POPULATIONS. “At the boundary “glass-frame” we discovered DNA of Mycobacteria sp. also attendant to bacterial plankton.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

TWO LOGICAL EXPLANATIONS. “The presence of the wild land and marine bacteria DNA on the ISS suggests their possible transfer from the stratosphere into the ionosphere with the ascending branch of the global electric circuit. Alternatively, the wild land and marine bacteria as well as the ISS bacteria may all have an ultimate space origin.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

Handmade toys in Girona. View in LinkedIn

PANSPERMIA HYPOTHESIS. “At the beginning of the 20th century Svante Arrhenius formulated the hypothesis of panspermia, in which he suggested an extraterrestrial source of life. The development of this hypothesis gave rise to an idea of a possible way of transportation of bacteria and spores through interplanetary and interstellar space.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

MODERN PANSPERMIA CHAMPIONS. “Hoyle and Wickramasinghe have reexamined the Arrhenius hypothesis using new data.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

SURVIVAL OF TERRESTRIAL ORGANISMS IN SPACE. “A number of researchers have made an effort to investigate panspermia and have paid much attention to the exploration of survival mechanisms of living organisms in the interplanetary space. Survival of different types of microorganisms to a prolonged exposure in space was confirmed in experiments, which were performed on the American and Japanese segments of ISS.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

LICHENS SURVIVED 1.5 YEARS IN SPACE. “Thus Antarctic rocks colonized by lichens and fungi (Stihosotskus sp. and Acarospora sp.) were placed for 1.5 years on the ISS, simulating conditions on Mars, and then investigated by molecular methods. It was determined that extraterrestrial ultraviolet (UV) emission of sun (λ ≥ 110 nm) and also Martian UV (λ ≥ 200 nm) are the most harmful factors. However, even after such treatment, there remained a small percentage of live spores.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn