Month: September 2022

BLACK HOLE MERGERS. “The present paper focuses on the second of these three phases. Consider a massive binary at the center of a galaxy. Five variables are needed to completely specify the shape and orientation of the binary's orbit. The binary is assumed to interact with stars, causing changes in its orbital elements. In the simplest representation, the binary's orbit would evolve smoothly and deterministically with respect to time.” https://lnkd.in/dhkbfnG View in LinkedIn

END OF THIS PAPER, an extraordinary tour de force led by mathematical modeling and compared to real data, again revealing in detail that black holes are largely outside in depth observation and measurement, by definition, and that understanding has to largely be derived from theoretical studies and models. https://lnkd.in/dhkbfnG View in LinkedIn

BLACK HOLE INFLUENCE. “One of the outstanding issues for understanding the formation and evolution of galaxies is how the presence of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) affects its host galaxy. Observations have shown that the growth of SMBHs is tightly linked with their host galaxies, as revealed by correlations between the black hole mass and the bulge stellar mass.” (SMBH = supermassive black hole). https://lnkd.in/dsQ34Hf View in LinkedIn

HIGHER ORGANIZING PRINCIPLES. “The candidate organizing concepts include self-organization, energy landscapes, chemical motors that supply energy, and above all, evolution and replication – as biological systems are often far from equilibrium. Their study is made even more difficult because evolution has fine tuned earlier organizing principles. Thus, what we can observe is often the remnants of many interacting evolutionary processes.” (Santa Fe Institute on vestigial evolutionary systems). https://lnkd.in/d-PcKak View in LinkedIn

Grass flowers in their full glory. Nature has exuberant abundant redundancy because so many of her experiments perish. View in LinkedIn

BLACK HOLE GROWTH. “The hierarchical formation paradigm, the black hole growth is governed by mergers or by gas accretion via secular evolution. Black holes are assumed to undergo several episodes of significant gas accretion with complex hydrodynamic and magnetic processes, along with relativistic effects during which this accretion powers AGNs.” (AGN = active galactic nuclei). https://lnkd.in/dsQ34Hf View in LinkedIn

BLACK HOLE MERGERS. “The most luminous AGNs are interpreted as results of major mergers. A substantial starburst occurs as a result of major mergers, and some of the gas eventually reaches the black hole at the center of a galaxy, triggering the AGN activity.” (AGN = active galactic nuclei). https://lnkd.in/dsQ34Hf View in LinkedIn

PROCESS OF BLACK HOLE MERGERS. “On the other hand, moderate-luminosity AGNs are suggested to be products of modest accretion, in which case the gas accretion via secular processes trigger the AGN activity. A slower but significant gas inflow can be driven by internal dynamical processes in the galactic disk.” (AGN = active galactic nuclei). https://lnkd.in/dsQ34Hf View in LinkedIn

GALAXY EVOLUTION. “Studying AGN host galaxies can offer insight into the role of AGN activity in galaxy evolution. The morphologies and colors of galaxies may contain a record of their growth history.” (AGN = active galactic nuclei). https://lnkd.in/dsQ34Hf View in LinkedIn

SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES. “The assembly of SMBHs appears to follow a “downsizing” or “anti-hierarchical” trend; i.e., the AGN luminosity function and its evolution show that the co-moving number density of luminous AGNs peaks at higher redshift (z ∼ 2) than moderate-luminosity AGNs, which peak at z < 1.” (SMBH = supermassive black hole; AGN = active galactic nuclei). https://lnkd.in/dsQ34Hf View in LinkedIn