Month: September 2022

CHAIN OF REACTIONS. "The mechanisms of apoptosis are highly complex and sophisticated, involving an energy-dependent cascade of molecular events." https://lnkd.in/eFmC7Ys View in LinkedIn

TWO MAJOR PATHWAYS. "The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways represent the two major well-studied apoptotic processes. The extrinsic pathway is mediated by a sub-group of Tumor Necrosis Factor receptors (TNFR) superfamily that includes TNFR, Fas and TRAIL." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167488910002764 View in LinkedIn

INTRINSIC PATHWAY. "The cell autonomous or intrinsic pathway is largely centered around and/or regulated by the mitochondria. The most widely studied form of intrinsic apoptosis is initiated by the stress-mediated release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria that results in the formation of the apoptosome. The apoptosome then activates initiator caspase, typically caspase 9, which leads to the activation of the executioner caspase 3. This leads to the same type of apoptotic response as observed for the extrinsic pathway." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167488910002764 View in LinkedIn

CELL DEATH COORDINATOR. "In many cases, apoptotic signals are transmitted to mitochondria, which act as integrators of cell death because both effector and regulatory molecules converge at this organelle." The mitochondria was of bacterial origin and is semi-autonomous. https://lnkd.in/eXVxDrY View in LinkedIn

CENTRAL ROLE OF MITOCHONDRIA. "These later examples...clearly demonstrates the central role of the mitochondria in the highly regulated and complex process of many forms of programmed cell death. The activation of the mitochondrial pathway can also occur following the activation of the extrinsic pathway." https://lnkd.in/ekVSuhr View in LinkedIn

EXECUTIONERS. "Apoptosis is mediated by the activation of a specific class of proteases known as caspases. This name reflects the conserved cysteine in the active site and the requirement for an aspartic acid at the cleavage site of their target proteins." https://lnkd.in/eKW9GDr View in LinkedIn

DEATH ENZYMES. "Caspases are constitutively present in cells as inactive zymogens with variable-length amino-terminal prodomains. Caspases themselves have caspase cleavage sites separating each domain, and activation of the pro-caspases requires proteolysis at these sites." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0177(200005)218:1%3C68::AID-DVDY6%3E3.0.CO;2-9/full View in LinkedIn

BALANCING ACT. "The balance between cell proliferation, differentiation and death is strictly regulated during development. Genetic or epigenetic disruption of this balance has severe consequences, including both degenerative and hyper-proliferative diseases." https://lnkd.in/eq8cbHC View in LinkedIn

CELL DEATH BACKFIRING. "Abnormalities in cell death regulation can be a significant component of diseases. Tumor cells can acquire resistance to apoptosis by the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 or by the down-regulation or mutation of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax." https://lnkd.in/eFmC7Ys View in LinkedIn

ELEVATED ANTI-APOPTOSIS. "Disregulated apoptosis is involved in pathophysiologies of numerous diseases and disease processes. Cancer and auto-immune diseases are the classical examples but not the only diseases where anti-apoptosis is increased." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167488910002764 View in LinkedIn