Year: 2022

PAUL GAUGUIN (1897): "D'où Venons Nous / Que Sommes Nous / Où Allons Nous." (Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?). A central question for Gauguin, asked in his remarkable and haunting painting by the same title owned by the Museum of Fine Arts Boston. And a central question for many biologists. http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/where-do-we-come-from-what-are-we-where-are-we-going-32558?sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwiNvdvk86fRAhVFPBQKHTk6AtAQ_B0IETAA View in LinkedIn

"SYMBIOGENESIS or endosymbiotic theory, is an evolutionary theory which explains the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotes. It states that several key organelles of eukaryotes originated as symbiosis between separate single-celled organisms. According to this theory, mitochondria and plastids (e.g. chloroplasts), and possibly other organelles, represent formerly free-living bacteria that were taken inside another cell as an endosymbiont, around 1.5 billion years ago." https://lnkd.in/dncsBaV View in LinkedIn

EUKARYOTES DEFINITION. "All living beings are composed of cells and are unambiguously classifiable into one of two categories: prokaryote (bacteria) or eukaryote (nucleated organisms)...the nucleus, the membrane-bounded organelle that defines eukaryotes." https://lnkd.in/dGXDDQp View in LinkedIn

KEY EVENT. "Although the origin of the eukaryotic cell has long been recognized as the single most profound change in cellular organization during the evolution of life on earth, this transition remains poorly understood." http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/12/76 View in LinkedIn

QUANTUM JUMP. "The emergence of the eukaryotic cell with its nucleus, endomembrane system, and membrane-bound organelles represented a quantum leap in complexity beyond anything seen in prokaryotes." http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/12/76 View in LinkedIn

TWO GROUPS. "The origin of the eukaryotic cell, which is known as eukaryogenesis, has puzzled scientists for more than 100 years, and many hypotheses have been proposed...we evaluate the available theories for their compatibility with empirical observations and conclude that cellular life consists of two primary, paraphyletic prokaryotic groups and one secondary, monophyletic group that has symbiogenic origins — the eukaryotes." https://lnkd.in/dz-st9e View in LinkedIn

TRANSITION TO A BIGGER CELL. "A typical eukaryotic cell is about 1,000-fold bigger by volume than a typical bacterium or archaeon, and functions under different physical principles. The other hallmark of the eukaryotic cell is the presence of mitochondria, which have a central role in energy transformation and perform many additional roles in eukaryotic cells, such as in signaling and cell death." https://lnkd.in/d_D8bWi View in LinkedIn

Dutch trains become 100% powered by wind energy https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/10/dutch-trains-100-percent-wind-powered-ns?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

ENGULFMENT EVENTS. "The key events in the evolution of eukaryotes were the acquisition of the nucleus, the endomembrane system, and mitochondria. It is now established beyond reasonable doubt that mitochondria are derived from endosymbiotic α-proteobacteria." http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/12/76 View in LinkedIn

ANCIENT OVERLAPS. "The organizational complexity of the eukaryotic cells is complemented by extremely sophisticated, cross-talking signaling networks. Eukaryotes all share the main features of cellular architecture and the regulatory circuitry that clearly differentiate them from prokaryotes, although the ancestral forms of some signature eukaryotic systems are increasingly detected in prokaryotes." https://lnkd.in/d_D8bWi View in LinkedIn