Year: 2022

WE HAVE THEORIES for our known universe that make us quite smug, until we remember that these theories only describe 5% of the total mass and energy in our universe. " " http://onswipe.com/thedailygalaxy/ View in LinkedIn

CENSUS OF MATTER in the universe by the European Space Agency's Planck Spacecraft (2012). " "" "Planck's New Recipe of the Universe: More Matter, Less Dark Energy - D-brief | DiscoverMagazine.com http://lnkd.in/WppDHc View in LinkedIn

GREAT UNKNOWN HERE ON EARTH. "Cosmologists have only mapped half of one percent of the observable universe and the path ahead in environmental genomics is similarly daunting. "There is still a staggering amount of diversity to explore, To try to capture 50 percent of just the currently known phylogenetic diversity, we would have to sequence 20,000 more genomes, and these would have to be selected based on being members of underrepresented branches on the tree. And, to be sure, these are only what are known to exist."" " http://lnkd.in/WfwgFA. View in LinkedIn

WE KNOW LITTLE. "We have been astonished by how little there is known about massive regions of the tree of life. This is the first systematic effort to address this enormous knowledge gap. One of the most significant contributions is that based on these data, we provided names for many of these lineages which, like most star systems, were just numbered previously...Yet this is just a start. We are talking about probably millions of microbial species that remain to be described"" " http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-07/dgi-bib071013.php View in LinkedIn

MILLIONS OF MICROBES remain to be described, let alone their metabolism understood. This giant repository of nature's experiments will undoubtedly yield surprises about the diversity of energy metabolism on this planet, and provide us with greater tools to generate our own non-fossil and non-nuclear energy. View in LinkedIn

"JUNK DNA" (unfortunate term) is a non-coding area of DNA which does not make proteins, and has completely unknown functions, and accounts for a whopping 97% of the human genome. The human genome sequencing was completed in 2003, but we are still ignorant about what most of it does. A 2013 report now suggests that these non-coding regions may be involved in gene regulation. " "" "How 'junk DNA' can control cell development: http://lnkd.in/cr5Kpj http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130802101900.htm#.UghsF2iL8NA.twitter View in LinkedIn

STILL UNKNOWN: "A massive project called ENCODE, which aimed to uncover the role of the 3.3 billion base pairs, or letters of DNA, in the human genome that don't code for proteins, found that in test tubes, about 80 percent of the genome seemed to have some biological activity, such as affecting whether genes turn on. Whether that translated to any useful or necessary function for humans, however, wasn't resolved."" "" "'Junk' DNA Mystery Solved: It's Not Needed http://shar.es/yAVwf via @LiveScience View in LinkedIn

NON-CODING DNA may have different functions in different species. Plants called bladderworts do not need non-coding DNA. " "" ""The bladderwort plant seemed to have stripped out a vast amount of noncoding DNA. Yet the plant did just fine without that material." "In fact, through a genetic quirk the bladderwort had its entire genome duplicated — meaning the plant got two full copies of the genome — three separate times since it diverged from the tomato. Yet the carnivorous plant somehow retained its tiny genome."" "" "'Junk' DNA Mystery Solved: It's Not Needed http://shar.es/yAVwf via @LiveScience View in LinkedIn

NON-CODING or "Junk DNA" controversy is far from over and may take years to unravel in different species. Despite the remarkable accomplishment of sequencing the human genome, and all the genetic applications that opened up, the truth is that we have seen only the tip of the iceberg. " "" " | Insight & Intelligence™: What Junk DNA? It’s an Operating System http://lnkd.in/4gXuAi via @genbio. View in LinkedIn

GENOMICS needs Big Data. Human genome sequence completed 2003, now at 20,000 genes. 3 billion base pairs. But genome sequencing + proteome sequencing gives complexity. Individual genomic and proteomic profiles are key for disease survival. Genes may or may not be turned on. The 20,000 genes produce 200,000 types of RNA coding up to 200,000 proteins. This can result in about a vast number of combinations with hundreds of variant proteins. That is the biomarker challenge. That is Big Data. Proteomics will be computationally bigger than mapping the genome marching sequences to proteins. View in LinkedIn