Year: 2022

BUG’S MASKED BALL. “Enterobacter bacterium from the Anopheles gut microbial flora renders mosquitoes resistant to infection with the human malaria parasite, by interfering with parasite development through the production of reactive oxygen species.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

GREAT UNKNOWN. “It should be emphasized that we still only have a very limited understanding of how pathogenic agents themselves, including bacteriophages (as pathogens of bacteria), contribute to the functioning of many ecosystems.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

THE SHIFT. “A second major challenge is to shift from descriptive to functional metagenomics, in order to understand exactly how the pathobiome modulates pathogenesis, and to which extent it impacts on its environment, regardless of the ecological niche considered.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

OLDER LIMITED THINKING. “A large number of studies have been dedicated to understanding how a single pathogen interacts with its host, without taking into account the role of the overall microbial environment.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

NEW PARADIGM NEEDED. “The transition to a broader pathobiome perspective involves revisiting the Koch and Hill's postulates at the level of microbial communities, and raises the question of the nature and diversity of the microbiota present in a healthy individual, and of factors promoting the emergence of potentially disease-causing pathobiomes.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

GUT MICROBIOME EXAMPLE. “For instance, as recently reviewed, the role of the gut microflora community is becoming increasingly recognized as a key factor in the onset of inflammatory diseases.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

THE MELIEU MATTERS. “Similarly, the microbiota contribution toward promoting infection and spread of enteric viruses is receiving more attention. In the future, understanding the interaction of the microbiota with pathogens (=pathobiome) and the host might provide new insights into the pathogenesis, as well as novel avenues for preventing and treating intestinal and systemic disorders.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSMISSION. “The spreading of antibiotic resistance genes is another example of the vital importance of the microbial context, as pathogens may be able to acquire resistance phenotypes from environmental reservoirs.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

FROM SOIL TO CLINIC. “The most recent evidence for the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between the environment and the clinic is provided by Forsberg et al. (2012). Using an innovating metagenomic approach, the authors identified DNA sequences in cultured multi-drug-resistant soil Proteobacteria which had 100% identity to resistance genes found in clinical pathogens, including resistance against β-lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

MISSING THE DYNAMIC PICTURE. “Because metagenomic DNA-based analyses cannot differentiate between expressed and non-expressed genes, these approaches fail to reflect the actual activity or dynamics of microbial communities.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn