Year: 2022

ANOMALIES. Professor Martin Chaplin has compiled a comprehensive and authoritative summary of credible research on the structure of water. These include 73 anomalous properties of water compared to related molecules in the periodic table. https://lnkd.in/eqaRTp4 View in LinkedIn

MACRO WATER CLUSTERS. "The time-averaged hydrogen-bonded network possesses a large extent of order. These include the fine structure...large clusters...and the formation and properties of low-density water in gels. There is some evidence that water is self-organizing and can exist as macro-scale (10-120 uM) clusters." https://lnkd.in/esC5CV5 View in LinkedIn

WATER CLUSTERS. "The structure of liquid water has been proposed as an icosahedral (H2O)280 cluster with a 3 nm diameter, with each 280-molecule icosahedron having substructure within. Water (H2O)20 dodecahedra and (H2O)100 icosahedra have also been reported." Beautification geometric shapes. A deeply provocative and original article. https://lnkd.in/e7AMN5d View in LinkedIn

"SUPER-CLUSTERS of water molecules are thought to exist, forming regular matrices and even long strands. The largest super cluster may be the icosahedral (H2O)1820." https://lnkd.in/ecdGe8U View in LinkedIn

CHANGING PERSISTENCE. "The lifetime of a particular cluster containing specific water molecules will be not much longer than the life of individual hydrogen bonds (ie nanoseconds) but clusters can continue forever although with constant changing of their constituent water molecules." https://lnkd.in/ejqzhbQ View in LinkedIn

ELECTROSTATIC. "Water, being dipolar, can be aligned by an electric field and this may be easily shown by the movement of a stream of water by an electrostatic force." https://lnkd.in/eqaRTp4 View in LinkedIn

INDUCED TRANSITIONS. "Electrodes can induce phase transitions in water, with an ordered layering of water at high densities similar to ice." https://lnkd.in/enutKB5 View in LinkedIn

ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC EFFECTS. "Liquid water is affected by magnetic fields since it is diamagnetic. Electric and magnetic fields have opposite effects on water clustering." https://lnkd.in/enutKB5 View in LinkedIn

"AQUEOUS BIPHASIC SYSTEMS. Addition of salts to water will segregate into their preferred water structuring...certain salutes cause an aqueous solution to fully separate into two aqueous phases." https://lnkd.in/ejkRMBj View in LinkedIn

"WATER PLAYS A VITAL ROLE in determining the structures and dynamics, and hence the function, of globular proteins." https://lnkd.in/eci_cba View in LinkedIn