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Artificial intelligence and off-grid living: Top designers imagine the year 2066 View in LinkedIn

MULTICELLULARITY. "Cyanobacteria evolved simple filamentous multicellularity over 2.5 billion years ago, and entire clades of multicellular organisms have arisen in the last 200 million years (for example, brown algae and the volvocine algae." https://lnkd.in/dU8HRX5 View in LinkedIn

MULTICELLULAR EVOLUTION IN VITRO. "Here we show that multicellular complexity, including development from a single cell, can evolve rapidly in a unicellular organism that has never had a multicellular ancestor. We subject the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to conditions that favour multicellularity, resulting in the evolution of a multicellular life cycle in which clusters reproduce via motile unicellular propagules." https://lnkd.in/dU8HRX5 View in LinkedIn

ON HIVES, POMEGRANATES, AND ICE. "Kepler wondered why a hexagon is the underlying form for a snowflake and not another shape, he proposed that it may be something to do with a hexagon being one of only three shapes that can fill a 2D surface without any gaps. The others being a triangle and a square." http://thesmarthappyproject.com/hexagon-geometry-snowflake/ View in LinkedIn

ANOTHER EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE of experimental evolution follows, using algae this time, to explore the development of multicellular features from a unicellular foundation. View in LinkedIn

THE TYPICAL EXPLANATION. "Water (or water vapour) molecules attach to a dust particle and form the beginnings of a snowflake. These molecules crystallize to a hexagonal plate form, every snowflake is formed around this shape. Every one will have repeated hexagon design but each snowflake will be slightly different. A hexagon is a 2D shape with six sides." https://lnkd.in/dRC3GWk View in LinkedIn

YEAST LAB EVOLUTION. "These results show that key aspects of multicellular complexity, a subject of central importance to biology, can readily evolve from unicellular eukaryotes." http://www.pnas.org/content/109/5/1595.full View in LinkedIn

MANTRA OF FIXED ANGLES. "Why do freezing water molecules arrange themselves so easily and consistently at the 120 degree angle that forms this hexagonal structure? Our science does not yet provide a good explanation for that. Ice forms in lots of other configurations too. And the angles involved in those await explanation as well." https://lnkd.in/dmgcCBk View in LinkedIn

PUNCTUATED STASIS. "The fossil record shows that long periods of stasis are often punctuated by bursts of rapid evolution, presumably due to shifts in selective conditions and dramatic evolutionary responses. Over the history of life, multicellularity has evolved repeatedly in unrelated phylogenetic groups. The potential for the evolution of multicellularity may be less constrained than is frequently postulated." http://www.pnas.org/content/109/5/1595.full View in LinkedIn

KEPLER, father of modern astronomy was born 1752, December 27th. "A key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution, he is best known for his laws of planetary motion, based on his works Astronomia nova, Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome of Copernican Astronomy." https://lnkd.in/dvhwdZY View in LinkedIn