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EUKARYOTIC HOMOLOGS ANTICIPATED. "We might expect to find closer and closer homologs of components of the several eukaryote-specific cellular machineries [now called eukaryotic signature proteins] as we explore inferred proteomes of such archaea [the group of phyla comprising Thaumarchaeota, Aigarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, and Korarchaeota (TACK)]." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10278.full View in LinkedIn

NOT RARE. "In eukaryotes, endosymbiosis is common." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10278.full View in LinkedIn

ANOTHER RARE STAMP. "Even farther down the organismal path is the two-species bacterial consortium “Chlorochromatium aggregatum,” which has been championed as a model of bacterial multilineage multicellularity. In this symbiosis, green sulfur bacterial epibionts (Chlorobium chlorochromatii) surround a motile β-proteobacterium (Symbiobacter mobilis). The central bacterium relies extensively on the photosynthetic products of its epibionts and has undergone extensive genome reduction, a mark of evolved dependence." https://lnkd.in/d6GwkCt View in LinkedIn

RARE IS DOCUMENTED. "Nevertheless, syntrophic interactions between anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria have resulted in the evolution of aggregates with a measure of coordinated growth and reproduction between the partners." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10278.full View in LinkedIn

NOT UNIQUE BUT RARE. "Among studied exclusively prokaryotic multilineage consortia, varying levels of integration have been documented, although endosymbiosis is extremely rare." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10278.full View in LinkedIn

NOT UNIQUE ORIGIN. "Eukaryogenesis is not unique as an organismal merger of entities from taxonomically distinct lineages, although the tightness of integration between mitochondria and their host is probably the most derived currently known." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10278.full View in LinkedIn

BIOLOGICAL UNIQUENESS. "Eukaryotic cells undoubtedly exhibit many of the hallmark features of biological individuality, including spatiotemporal boundedness, indivisibility, and the integration, cooperation, and interdependence of parts." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10278.full View in LinkedIn

NO MODEL. "Despite the great success and undeniable brilliance of the biologic approach to spider dragline, it is fair to say that no mathematical model for spider dragline exists in open literature." https://lnkd.in/djskEtZ View in LinkedIn

WEB EVOLUTION. "The orb is certainly not the final apex of web design. Our analyses also demonstrate subsequent rampant transformation of the orb into other architectures, suggesting that the origin of stereotypical orb webs provides a critical gateway for the evolution of novel web types and the diversification associated with them." http://www.pnas.org/content/106/13/5229.full View in LinkedIn

LET THEORY GUIDE OBSERVATIONS. “How odd it is that anyone should not see that all observation must be for or against some view if it is to be of any service!” Let theory guide your observations.” Indeed, Darwin had no use for the empiricist claim that a scientist should not have a preconception or hypothesis that would guide his work. Otherwise, as he wrote, one “might as well go into a gravel pit and count the pebbles and describe the colors." https://lnkd.in/d4g4UsJ View in LinkedIn