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MOLECULAR PLUS PHENOTYPIC. "When morphology meets molecular data in crinoid phylogeny: a challenge. Many clades of extant crinoids based on external skeleton morphology are polyphyletic. Using the hyocrinids and a recent extensive molecular phylogeny of the extant crinoids, we show that the molecular approach, when coupled with detailed ontogenetic analyses on a large sample of specimens and taxa, may help understand the evolutionary trends within a given group of organisms." https://lnkd.in/dVvNppR View in LinkedIn

RECAPITULATION REVERSED. "New ontogenetic data for the 350-million-year-old teleost relative Aetheretmon overturns this long-held hypothesis. Ontogeny does not recapitulate phylogeny; instead, differential outgrowth determines final morphology." https://lnkd.in/dB8GajJ View in LinkedIn

ASSUMED RECAPITULATION. "The symmetrical, flexible teleost fish ‘tail’ has been a prime example of recapitulation — evolutionary change (phylogeny) mirrored in development (ontogeny). Paleozoic ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii), relatives of teleosts, exhibited ancestral scale-covered tails curved over their caudal fins. For over 150 years, this arrangement was thought to be retained in teleost larva and overgrown, mirroring an ancestral transformation series." https://lnkd.in/dPmPtVr View in LinkedIn

REMAINING VALUE. "While the recapitulation theory has largely been discredited in modern biology to an extent to refer it defunct, successional stages of embryos do resurrect stages in the phylogeny, albeit the correspondence being vestigial and rudimentary." https://lnkd.in/dE2ft2W View in LinkedIn

THE NUT. "Haeckel’s observation was indeed simple; successive stages in the organism’s early (embryonic) development remarkably, albeit figuratively and metaphorically, resurrect adult stages in the evolutionary history of respective species, and therefore he surmised the parallelism between ontogeny and phylogeny as interesting." https://lnkd.in/dE2ft2W View in LinkedIn

INTEGRATING IDEAS. "Ernst Haeckel’s pithy aphorism “ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny,” alternately referred as the recapitulation theory, biogenetic law or theory of embryonic parallelism, has been one of the pivotal observations in biology that integrated disciplines of evolutionary biology and developmental biology to the portmanteau field EvoDevo." https://lnkd.in/dE2ft2W View in LinkedIn

"THE BIOGENETIC LAW is a theory of development and evolution proposed by Ernst Haeckel in Germany in the 1860s. It is one of several recapitulation theories, which posit that the stages of development for an animal embryo are the same as other animals' adult stages or forms. Commonly stated as ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny, the biogenetic law theorizes that the stages an animal embryo undergoes during development are a chronological replay of that species' past evolutionary forms." https://lnkd.in/dQY9jJm View in LinkedIn

MYTHS OF EVOLUTION: "Natural selection acts for the good of the species." https://lnkd.in/d9kiUUZ View in LinkedIn

PHYLOGENY RECAPITULATES ONTOGENY. "Zoologists tell us that in the life of every organism is re-enacted the entire life history of the species." https://lnkd.in/dx7pju2 View in LinkedIn

MYTHS OF EVOLUTION: "Natural selection gives organisms what they need." https://lnkd.in/d9kiUUZ View in LinkedIn