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NICHE EXPANSION VIA SYMBIONTS. "On macroevolutionary time scales, symbiont acquisition has often enabled evolutionary diversification and ecological expansion. By acquiring maternally transmitted bacterial symbionts, many insect lineages have succeeded in unlocking new ecological niches, particularly ones that present nutritionally unbalanced diets." https://lnkd.in/dcBwzRs View in LinkedIn

ESSENTIAL SYMBIONTS. "To ensure that offspring acquire these microbial partners, insects have evolved diverse mechanisms for vertical transmission of the symbionts, including ovarial transmission in aphids, egg smearing in anobiid beetles, coprophagy in termites, milk gland transmission in tsetse flies, and capsular transmission in plataspid stinkbugs." https://lnkd.in/dvW6NMZ View in LinkedIn

METABOLIC SYMBIOSIS. "Insects that feed exclusively on nutritionally limited or persistent food sources, such as plant phloem sap, vertebrate blood, or woody materials, commonly possess symbiotic microorganisms in their guts. Symbiotic microbes are essential for host survival and reproduction and play pivotal roles in host metabolism, such as providing essential nutrients and digesting food materials." https://lnkd.in/dvW6NMZ View in LinkedIn

SEXUAL SELECTION. "Male and female reproductive traits display some of the most rapid evolution observed in nature, suggesting that sexual selection as well as sexual conflict are major forms of selection. However, natural selection plays an important part as well, as environmental variation might also drive divergence in reproductive traits." https://lnkd.in/dChz5SR View in LinkedIn

VIRAL ECOSYSTEM. "Similar to gut bacteria, interpersonal variation in the virome is high. Changing the focus from individual agents that are implicated in disease toward a community view has already precipitated paradigm shifts in the view of the virome and disease, and the same will likely be true for eukaryotic microbes." https://lnkd.in/dRUEtkS View in LinkedIn

DODGING THE RABBIT HOLE. "Highly reduced genomes of insect symbionts contain mostly genes involved with cell replication, transcription, and translation: Mutations in these genes will impact fitness of individual symbiont cells, where selfishness can originate. Thus, eukaryotic organelles may have escaped the symbiosis rabbit hole primarily because genes controlling symbiont replication are transferred to the host genome." https://lnkd.in/dcBwzRs View in LinkedIn

NEW PARADIGM. "The persistence of virus derived information matters in a big way that affects group identity. This perspective represents a major adjustment to our thinking." https://lnkd.in/eWydwab View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETIC SILENCING. "This marking allows the epigenetic inheritance of the differentiation in the variety of tissues of several organs throughout all known species during the timely regulated steps in developmental stages. Therefore, epigenetics is a rather intriguing example of how evolution, conservation, and plasticity of genetic identities are interlinked without the error-replication narrative, but related to genetic parasite colonization." https://lnkd.in/eWydwab View in LinkedIn

ERROR DRIVEN EVOLUTION NARRATIVE. "High fidelity DNA synthesis is beneficial for maintaining genetic information over many generations and for avoiding mutations that can initiate and promote human diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Low fidelity DNA synthesis is beneficial for the evolution of species, for generating diversity leading to increased survival of viruses and microbes when subjected to changing environments, and for the development of a normal immune system." https://lnkd.in/dAV3ptS View in LinkedIn

SILENCING TRANSPOSONS. "We can consider how epigenetics might contribute to a cumulative evolution. Since it marks regions of DNA for non-expression, compared to unmarked regions, the expression patterns in subsequent generations can be affected thus show adaptation without genetic change. Interestingly, the origin of most all of these marking epigenetic systems appears to relate directly to the silencing and persistence of virus-like parasitic code." https://lnkd.in/eWydwab View in LinkedIn