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DIFFERENT HOST HABITATS. "The representation of different genome strategies are dramatically different between prokaryotic and eukaryotic viruses, the foremost distinction being the higher prevalence of DNA viruses in prokaryotes contrasted by the preponderance of RNA viruses in eukaryotes." https://lnkd.in/dHhQ6QH View in LinkedIn

CAVEAT: "the available bacteriophage genomes account for but a tiny slice of the enormous phage diversity, so it is impossible to rule out that direct progenitors of the main groups of eukaryotic viruses are lurking in the unexplored parts of the phage domain." https://lnkd.in/dHhQ6QH View in LinkedIn

DRASTIC GENOME REMODELING. "These lines of viral gene evolution form multiple intersections in the melting pot of eukaryogenesis: the path between the two domains was not smooth but rather involved drastic remolding of the viral genomes." https://lnkd.in/dHhQ6QH View in LinkedIn

UBIQUITOUS INFECTIONS. "A rough calculation reveals that there are many billions of chronic virus infections in humans, with each of the ∼6.75 billion of us harboring ∼8–12 chronic infections. Some of these viruses are so common that one would be hard put to find uninfected control patients for studies to identify viral associations with disease or effects on the “normal” immune system." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867409007831 View in LinkedIn

EUK GENOME ORIGINS. "The pivotal contribution of prokaryotic viruses to the origin of eukaryotic viral genomes appears to be as strongly supported by the conservation of the hallmark genes across most of the virus world as the original emergence of viruses from the primordial gene pool." https://lnkd.in/dHhQ6QH View in LinkedIn

DÉTENTE. "New evidence in animals indicates that chronic virus infection can fundamentally alter innate immunity to nonviral pathogens. IFN-γ expression during herpesvirus latency can symbiotically protect the host from infection by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague. Thus, the détente developed between herpesviruses and their hosts over tens of millions of years of coevolution may offer benefits to the host." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867409007831 View in LinkedIn

EUK VIRUSES. "Based on the current knowledge of bacterial and archaeal virus genomics, bacteriophages of the endosymbiont(s) played a much greater role in the origin of eukaryotic viruses than archaeal selfish elements." https://lnkd.in/dHhQ6QH View in LinkedIn

CHRONIC INFECTIONS. "The viral strategies...for the maintenance of chronic infection are balanced by the effects of the virus-specific immune response, thereby establishing a metastable equilibrium between host and pathogen. It is well established that there is a complex regulatory network that actively inhibits immune responses during chronic viral infections." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867409007831 View in LinkedIn

GENE FLUX. "The relationships between bacteriophage genes and those of eukaryotic viruses imply that the mitochondria and, possibly, other, transient endosymbionts also contributed many genes from their phage gene pool to the emerging eukaryotic viruses." https://lnkd.in/dHhQ6QH View in LinkedIn

ACUTE INFECTIONS. "During acute infection, both the host and virus change continuously until infection is resolved, kills the host, or becomes chronic. Certain genes in a virus or in the immune system are niche specific in that they function during acute but not chronic infection. Failure of these immune system genes to function effectively or too-effective evasion of immunity by viral genes can have devastating consequences." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867409007831 View in LinkedIn