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CONTROL OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS. "Unlike biochemical or physiological traits, morphological traits are typically specified by genes that act upstream in major developmental pathways. As such, mutations in coding regions (‘functional’ mutations) were considered to incur sufficiently deleterious pleiotropy to be untenable for effecting morphological evolution." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

FIRST STEP. "Novel phenotypes arise as a result of a particular mutation or combination of mutations becoming fixed in a population, but, in order for this to occur, the genetic change must first be tolerated by the developing organism and be inherited by its offspring." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

LOGICAL STRATEGY. "Within a population, morphological change can occur via divergence in regulatory genes, leading to variation in gene expression, and thus the extrapolation to morphological evolution proceeding via diversification in regulatory loci provides a logical foundation for investigating the genetics underlying developmental evolution." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

"VIROPHAGES are small viruses that eat other larger viruses, and are a type of Satellite Virus that needs the presence of another virus to flourish. Virophages include the Spitnik virophage, and the Marvirus virophage (aka Maverick), both found in water-cooling towers in Paris and the UK." Definately strange creatures. https://lnkd.in/djXb4Ng View in LinkedIn

FASTER EVOLUTION. "Accelerated rates of regulatory gene evolution have been shown to accompany rapid morphological diversification in adaptive radiations, demonstrating a link between morphological and genetic diversification in regulatory regions of developmental genes." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

THE NEW ANTIBIOTIC? "Phages killing bacteria had been used for almost 100 years as antibacterial therapy before the discovery of antibiotics. Phage cocktails were utilized in the Soviet Union in the Russian-Finnish war to avoid amputations on injured soldiers. Phage therapy is currently not fashionable in Western medicine, although it may gain attention again if resistance of bacteria to antibiotics continues to grow and increase the danger for human health." https://lnkd.in/eGaw2Kq View in LinkedIn

DIFFERENTIAL SELECTION. "In plants, where gene duplication followed by differential selection on resulting copies enables novel regulatory networks to form, in part or in whole, regulatory evolution must be investigated in the context of these networks." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

VIRUSES CREATE GENETIC DIVERSITY. "Virus infection of a cell is a very efficient way to supply novel genetic information. A viral infection is more efficient in generating genetic diversity than mutations of cellular genes." https://lnkd.in/eGaw2Kq View in LinkedIn

California's wildflower 'super bloom' transforms landscapes into paintings http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/14/weather/california-super-bloom/index.html View in LinkedIn

ANTIGENIC SHIFT. "The reassortment of complete units of genetic material results in the formation of ‘reassortants’ or ‘mosaic’ viruses. At times, ‘genetic reassortment’ affects the exchange of genome segments encoding the viral surface proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Thereby, the virus achieves a new antigenic pattern." https://lnkd.in/d8xM5QF View in LinkedIn