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MATURING COMPLEXITY. "With increasing age of the regulatory landscape of de novo genes, a higher level of complexity is developed through the gradual acquisition of regulatory motifs." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952515000347 View in LinkedIn

NEW GENE REGULATORS. "The first step is the integration into regulatory networks, primarily through acquisition of promoters. The analysis of retroposed genes indicated that regulatory elements can be acquired rapidly from nearby genes or more distant positions in the genome." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952515000347 View in LinkedIn

GENE INTEGRATION. "Some de novo genes quickly become essential and persist for longer time spans. This raises the question of how de novo genes could become essential. The prevailing hypothesis is that de novo genes become integrated into already existing networks." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952515000347 View in LinkedIn

NEW GENE FUNCTIONS. "It does not take many sequence changes to evolve a new function. For example, with only 3% sequence changes from its paralogues, RNASE1B has developed a new optimal pH that is essential for the newly evolved digestive function in the leaf-eating monkey." https://lnkd.in/dyvJr2S View in LinkedIn

ESSENTIAL GENES. "It has been reported that there is a relationship between gene topological features and biological functions. More specifically, genes with high network connectivity tend to be functionally essential." https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-015-0772-4 View in LinkedIn

GENE CONNECTEDNESS. "New genes gradually evolve broader expression patterns and therefore acquire pleiotropic functions, as they gradually evolve more linking partners, and genes with more linking partners tend to have broader expression patterns." https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-015-0772-4 View in LinkedIn

NEW THINK. "An unavoidable reality of current genetic research is that even apparently critical components of important and highly conserved pathways, governing what are known to be essential processes, can be disrupted in some strain backgrounds with what seem to be minimal phenotypic consequences." https://lnkd.in/duMqB2A View in LinkedIn

COMMON DRAMATIC CHANGES. "In contrast to earlier work emphasizing the importance of enhancer evolution and subtle sequence changes at promoters, we show that dramatic changes such as the complete gain and loss (collectively turnover) of functional promoters are common." http://genome.cshlp.org/content/early/2015/07/30/gr.190546.115 View in LinkedIn

OLD THINK. "The powerful one gene, one enzyme, one function hypothesis developed into the prevalent notion that genes can be understood in isolation, are endowed with particular characteristics of dominance or recessiveness, and produce discrete and unambiguous effects on phenotype." https://lnkd.in/duMqB2A View in LinkedIn

PRIMITIVE UNDERSTANDING. "Overall, we still have a limited ability to interpret how genetic variants alter gene regulation. We do not know how to “read the genome” and predict gene regulatory outputs. Our understanding of regulatory mechanisms and biochemical interactions has not yet matured into an ability to “read the code” and fully model transcriptional regulation." https://lnkd.in/dFv6Tsi View in LinkedIn