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VIRAL-DERIVED REGULATORS. “Thus, thousands of human (and other mammalian) genes appear to be regulated, at least in part, by sequences derived from TEs.” (TE = transposable elements). https://lnkd.in/dwuaM5f View in LinkedIn

VIRAL RELICS IN MAN. “Different classes of regulatory regions in the human genome have been surveyed for the presence of TE-derived sequences (TES) to systematically assess the potential contribution of TEs to the regulation of human genes, and almost 25% of the analyzed promoter regions have been found to contain TES.” (TE = transposable elements). https://lnkd.in/dwuaM5f View in LinkedIn

VIRAL CONTRIBUTION. “The TEs are the primary contributors to the bulk of the genomic DNA in many eukaryotes, in particular mammals, and have the potential to contribute to the evolution of the hosts by providing novel regulatory or coding sequences.” (TE = transposable elements). https://lnkd.in/dwuaM5f View in LinkedIn

FAMILY OF FOSSILS. “Retrotransposons including long interspersed repetitive elements (LINEs), short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs), and long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are widely represented in mammals.” https://lnkd.in/dwuaM5f View in LinkedIn

ABUNDANT VIRAL FOSSILS. “Diverse TEs are widespread and abundant in the genomes of most eukaryotes. Different classes of TEs include mobile retrovirus-like elements, or retrotransposons, which transpose within the genome via RNA intermediates, and DNA transposons, which can relocate directly.” (TE = transposable elements). https://lnkd.in/dwuaM5f View in LinkedIn

PIVOTAL. “The discovery of the pivotal contribution of TEs to the evolution of the Xist gene prompts the question on a possible general role of TEs in the evolution of lincRNAs.” (lincRNA = long intergenic non-coding RNA; TE = transposable elements; Xist = (X-inactive specific transcript) is an RNA gene on the X chromosome of the placental mammals). https://lnkd.in/dwuaM5f View in LinkedIn

HUMAN VERSUS VIRUS. "We might like to think of ourselves as the most “highly evolved” species but, in terms of how many rounds of mutation and selection we’ve undergone, we are one of the least evolved species. Around 10 billion new viral particles can be produced every day in the body of a person infected with HIV. By contrast, the total human population on Earth was no more than a few million until a few thousand years ago." https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13640-evolution-myths-evolution-produces-perfectly-adapted-creatures/ View in LinkedIn

FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS. “Johnson and Guigo (2014) have proposed that exonic TES comprise functional domains of lncRNAs that they dubbed repeat insertion domains of LncRNAs (RIDLs).” (TES = TE-derived sequences). https://lnkd.in/dwuaM5f View in LinkedIn

UNIT OF SELECTION. “A realization of recent years is that mutant swarms are not mere collections of mutants ranked by a mutation-selection balance that act independently of each other. Rather, very often the mutant ensemble acts as a unit of selection due to interactions among its members.” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042682215001580 View in LinkedIn

PEPTIDE PRODUCTION. “It is extremely hard to rule out such a role for a fraction of purported lincRNAs.” (lincRNA = long intergenic non-coding RNA). https://lnkd.in/dwuaM5f View in LinkedIn