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NEW ADDITIONS. "However, he would probably have also been surprised by some of the findings, for example, the finding that there can be intragenic recombination and other “large-scale” disruption of the inheritance units, which he envisaged to be transmitted intact from parent to offspring. However, such discoveries have added to and have refined the Mendelian model, rather than undermined it." https://lnkd.in/d42Fwde View in LinkedIn

VINDICATED. "The cloning of four of Mendel’s genes has confirmed, with a few nuances, the Mendelian implication that there are fundamental units of inheritance that are passed from generation to generation. Indeed, if he were still with us, Mendel would probably be well pleased by the 20th century discoveries from the disciplines of cytology, biochemistry, and molecular biology." https://lnkd.in/d42Fwde View in LinkedIn

WHICH MUTATIONS. "It turns out also that Mendel’s mutations are due to a range of changes at the molecular level. While we cannot be certain in some instances of the exact mutations that he used, the range appears to include single base substitutions causing a single amino acid substitution (e.g., le-1), disruptions to splice sites, small insertions, and large transposon-like insertions." https://lnkd.in/d42Fwde View in LinkedIn

MUTATION UNCERTAINTY. "Even harder than defining which seven loci Mendel studied is the question of which mutations he used. Theoretically, it is now quite clear that there are many possible mutations in each gene that could produce the same phenotype, especially if Mendel’s original mutation was a null." https://lnkd.in/d42Fwde View in LinkedIn

VIDEO of slave-making ants. The queen of some species of ants acts as a Trojan Horse to enter the target slave colony and gain control by absorbing the resident queen pheromones to avoid detection as an imposter. https://lnkd.in/d2iRKY8 View in LinkedIn

What a hunter-gatherer diet does to the gut http://www.cnn.com/2017/07/05/health/hunter-gatherer-diet-tanzania-the-conversation/index.html View in LinkedIn

BAIT AND SWITCH. "As every ant in the colony is ‘programmed’ to obey the every whim of their queen, the colony becomes in time nothing but a proxy for the slavemaker race, as all workers are forced to care for the new brood of masters that the queen hatches. Unknowingly, they will dutifully and carefully tend to the seeds of their own demise." https://lnkd.in/dJrQzst View in LinkedIn

INFILTRATION. "In certain species, an even more insidious technique is used. During the chaos of the raid, a young slavemaker queen will infiltrate the target colony and kill the queen. Having completed this act of matronly regicide, she will then ‘impersonate’ the queen by consuming the pheromones still present in her rivals’ dead body." https://lnkd.in/dJrQzst View in LinkedIn

INSECT OTTOMANS. "Slavemaker ants will carry off all the eggs they can get their mandibles on and bring them back to their own nest. Just as the Ottoman empire once captured the young of their Christian enemies, raising them to be loyal Muslim citizens, so the young of the slave species are raised to be loyal to the their new colony." https://lnkd.in/dJrQzst View in LinkedIn

DUAL PURPOSE MESSAGES. "While the siege is underway, slavemaker workers of certain species possessing extremely swollen Dufour glands will spread their ‘propaganda’ amongst the enemy – chemicals that convince them to disperse, while continuing to incite the battle-frenzy amongst the attackers." https://lnkd.in/dJrQzst View in LinkedIn