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MENDELIAN BOMBSHELL. "Genome-wide non-Mendelian inheritance of extra-genomic information in Arabidopsis. Here we show that Arabidopsis plants homozygous for recessive mutant alleles of the organ fusion gene HOTHEAD 5 (HTH) can inherit allele-specific DNA sequence information that was not present in the chromosomal genome of their parents but was present in previous generations." http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v434/n7032/abs/nature03380.html View in LinkedIn

"A FUNDAMENTAL TENET of classical mendelian genetics is that allelic information is stably inherited from one generation to the next, resulting in predictable segregation patterns of differing alleles." https://lnkd.in/dQPBBj4 View in LinkedIn

NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE. "Researchers have identified more than 5,000 genetically inherited human diseases and abnormalities. As we learn more about the inheritance patterns for these traits, it is becoming clear that at least some of the twelve exceptions to the simple Mendelian rules of inheritance described here are, in fact, relatively common. It would not be surprising if other "exceptions" were discovered in the future." https://lnkd.in/dU9C5cY View in LinkedIn

MENDELIAN EXCEPTIONS. "There are many situation where the progeny phenotypes do not match the Mendelian principles. The non-Mendelian inheritance pattern plays a role in several processes of diseases." https://lnkd.in/dNPTzz9 View in LinkedIn

ODDITY. "We're trying to discover patterns in what seems to be chaos," says Charles Fenster, evolutionary biologist at the University of Maryland. "This interesting example is a departure from the known laws, but my guess is that it doesn't explain the vast majority of how genes are transmitted from generation to generation - the reason why individuals resemble each other. That's really the key issue, why individuals that are relatives resemble each other. That's why people are interested in genetics in the first place." https://lnkd.in/dv6b49K View in LinkedIn

MENDEL'S MODEL REVISIONS have sought to include the exceptions to his laws of heritable traits. Textbooks are revised to add the exclusions to Mendel’s laws, but they are the tip of the iceberg. https://lnkd.in/dkzHk9U View in LinkedIn

FUNCTION OF MEIOSIS. "Because the number of chromosomes is halved during meiosis, gametes can fuse (i.e. fertilization) to form a diploid zygote that contains two copies of each chromosome, one from each parent. Thus, alternating cycles of meiosis and fertilization enable sexual reproduction, with successive generations maintaining the same number of chromosomes." https://lnkd.in/dfR-g7Z View in LinkedIn

"MEIOSIS is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half. This process occurs in all sexually reproducing single-celled and multicellular eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and fungi. In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division to produce four potential daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell." https://lnkd.in/dfR-g7Z View in LinkedIn

INDEPENDENT ENDOSYMBIONTS. "Unlike the mitochondria and chloroplasts, some endosymbionts seem to have retained independent genetic systems. The “killer” particles in paramecia, discovered by T.M. Sonneborn in the 1930’s, provide a historically significant example. After many years of controversy, the killer particles were identified as bacterial symbionts." https://lnkd.in/dwqn4Df View in LinkedIn

EXTRANUCLEAR FACTORS. "In addition to the genes found in mitochondria and chloroplasts, extranuclear factors are found in various kinds of endosymbionts (symbiotic organisms that live within the cells of other organisms) and bacterial plasmids." https://lnkd.in/dwqn4Df View in LinkedIn