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IMPORTANT FACT. "Protein-coding genes could generate transcripts from lncRNAs genes. Conversely, proteins may be synthesized from lncRNAs. Recent data have identified 24 human protein-coding genes with noncoding homologous genes in other species." (IncRNA = long non coding RNA). https://lnkd.in/d2sxUZQ View in LinkedIn

NON-CODING SEQUENCES. "Highlighted by the ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) and FANTOM (Functional Annotation of Mammals) consortia, these elements include tens of thousands of pseudogenes, as well as comparably numerous long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes." https://lnkd.in/eBig_Gi View in LinkedIn

NEW VIEWPOINT. "In the more than one decade since the completion of the Human Genome Project, the prevalence of non-protein-coding functional elements in the human genome has emerged as a key revelation in post-genomic biology." https://lnkd.in/eBig_Gi View in LinkedIn

Bill Gates gives $4.6bn to charity in biggest donation since 2000 https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/15/bill-gates-charity-donation-microsoft-shares-foundation?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

NEW VIEW. "The conclusion was that a vast majority of the genome was transcribed." https://lnkd.in/dCi-e6y View in LinkedIn

CENTRAL DOGMA RECALIBRATED. "Recent studies "challenge this conclusion, suggesting that transcriptional control makes the larger contribution." http://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6226/1066 View in LinkedIn

MISTAKEN FOR NOISE. "Yet the significance of this finding was not recognized for at least five years since the “DNA like RNA” was less than 1% of total RNA (mostly rRNA) and thus assumed to be irrelevant noise." https://lnkd.in/dCi-e6y View in LinkedIn

DOGMA. "If the rates for one of these steps differ much more than the rates of the other three, that step would be dominant in defining the variation in protein expression. Over the past decade, system-wide studies have claimed that in animals, differences in translation rates predominate." http://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6226/1066 View in LinkedIn

DNA-LIKE RNA. "The discovery of “DNA-like RNA” upon phage infection in 1956 was a critical clue leading to “mRNA hypothesis” https://lnkd.in/dCi-e6y View in LinkedIn

CENTRAL DOGMA. "Mammalian proteins are expressed at ∼10(3) to 10(8) molecules per cell. Differences between cell types, between normal and disease states, and between individuals are largely defined by changes in the abundance of proteins, which are in turn determined by rates of transcription, messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation, translation, and protein degradation." https://lnkd.in/dsCRAbW View in LinkedIn