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DEADLY DODDER PLANT. "In addition, Cuscuta pentagona has the ability to recognize volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the host tomato and, as a result, directs its growth accordingly in order to locate the host plants." https://lnkd.in/d_tsqB7 View in LinkedIn

KIN RECOGNITION IN ANIMALS. "Many animals are able to distinguish close relatives from strangers and to act differently towards their kin. Individuals are expected to behave preferentially towards kin to increase their inclusive fitness. For example, recognition of kin allows individuals to direct altruism towards kin, avoiding the costs of behaving altruistically towards strangers." http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/280/1756/20123062.short View in LinkedIn

CHEMICAL SIGNALS BETWEEN PLANTS. "General chemical communication between plants has been well established, especially with regard to the negative communication between plants of two different species. Recent studies have shown that plants, too, have the ability to recognize other plants in their surroundings based on relatedness and identity." https://lnkd.in/d_tsqB7 View in LinkedIn

COMMON BARRIER. "Often the rejected pollen was contributed by a related plant sharing the allele or by the plant itself; therefore, negative effects of inbreeding can be avoided. This recognition method is highly represented in angiosperms with estimates of up to 50% of the flowering plants." https://lnkd.in/d_tsqB7 View in LinkedIn

INBREEDING BARRIER. "Pollen self-incompatibility is a phenomenon well described in plants and allows plants to somewhat control their partners in genetic contribution to offspring by preventing fertilization when male and female gametes share the same haplotypes." https://lnkd.in/d_tsqB7 View in LinkedIn

KIN SELECTION. "The predominant social interaction among plants, other than mating, is competition for light, water and nutrients. Vegetative reproduction and self-fertilization can cause groups of plants to be more closely related than groups of animals, increasing the potential for kin selection." http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/3/4/435.short View in LinkedIn

PARTHENOGENESIS "is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization. In animals, parthenogenesis means development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell and is a component process of apomixis." https://lnkd.in/g5zwmS2 View in LinkedIn

ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION. "Manual root ball splitting, grafting and transplanting of smaller plant fragments from a large plant by humans can also be effective ways of using asexual fragmentation to propagate plant species." https://www.reference.com/science/organisms-can-reproduce-fragmentation-1ef1450618cbf65b View in LinkedIn

PLANT FRAGMENTATION. "Many plant species also use vegetative fragmentation to reproduce. Examples of plants that use vegetative fragmentation include liverworts from the genus Marchantia. Many plants such as raspberries, ferns, non-woody perennials and even the urban dandelion weed Taraxacum officinale utilize fragmentation for vegetative reproduction." https://www.reference.com/science/organisms-can-reproduce-fragmentation-1ef1450618cbf65b View in LinkedIn

FISSION FRAGMENTATION. "Prokaryotic organisms such as parasitic tapeworms, ribbon worms and flat worms, polyps forming the base of coral reefs and free-floating jellyfish use binary fission as a form of fragmentation." https://www.reference.com/science/organisms-can-reproduce-fragmentation-1ef1450618cbf65b View in LinkedIn